Author
Jesse Borke, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Associate Medical Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Alamitos Medical Center
Jesse Borke, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Association for Physician Leadership, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physician Executives, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
Audrey Xi Tai, DO, MS Assistant Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
Audrey Xi Tai, DO, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Chief Editor
Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP Program Director, Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery
Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Thoracic Society, New York Academy of Medicine, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
William K Chiang, MD Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Chief of Service, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center
William K Chiang, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH Chief of Emergency Medicine, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System; Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine
Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Lisa Diane Mills, MD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine
Lisa Diane Mills, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Southern Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors, Jerome FX Naradzay, MD, and Wesley S Grigsby, MD, to the development and writing of this article.
