Author
John R Acerra, MD Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell; Director, Global Emergency Medicine Program, LIJ Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System
John R Acerra, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
Sarah L Gilman New York College of Osteopathic Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Derek J Golden, MD Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, West Hills Hospital and Medical Center
Derek J Golden, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Douglas Lavenburg, MD Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health Systems
Douglas Lavenburg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Steven C Dronen, MD, FAAEM Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, LeConte Medical Center
Steven C Dronen, MD, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
Edward A Michelson, MD Associate Professor, Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Health Systems of Cleveland
Edward A Michelson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors, Joe Robson, MD, Amy J Behrman, MD, and Stephanie Abbuhl, MD, to the development and writing of this article.
