Shoulder Arthrocentesis Questions & Answers

1. Lin HM, Learch TJ, White EA, Gottsegen CJ. Emergency joint aspiration: a guide for radiologists on call. Radiographics. 2009 Jul-Aug. 29 (4):1139-58. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Fields TR, Berman JR. Arthrocentesis, intraarticular injection and synovial fluid analysis. Paget SA, Gibofsky A, Beary JF III, Sculco TP, eds. Hospital for Special Surgery Manual of Rheumatology and Outpatient Orthopedic Disorders. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Chap 8.

3. Koh KH. Corticosteroid injection for adhesive capsulitis in primary care: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Singapore Med J. 2016 Dec. 57 (12):646-657. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

4. Baruffi S, Saber AY, Martins T, Varacallo M. Shoulder Arthrocentesis Technique. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2022. [Full Text].

5. West SG. Arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis. West SG, Kolfenbach J, eds. Rheumatology Secrets. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. 63-7.

6. Jiang JJ, Piponov HI, Mass DP, Angeles JG, Shi LL. Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder: A Comparison of Treatment Methods. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2017 Aug. 25 (8):e175-e184. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

7. Polishchuk D, Gehrmann R, Tan V. Skin sterility after application of ethyl chloride spray. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Jan 18. 94 (2):118-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. Daley EL, Bajaj S, Bisson LJ, Cole BJ. Improving injection accuracy of the elbow, knee, and shoulder: does injection site and imaging make a difference? A systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2011 Mar. 39 (3):656-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Jacobson JA. Interventional techniques. Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. 407-43.

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11. Raeissadat SA, Rayegani SM, Langroudi TF, Khoiniha M. Comparing the accuracy and efficacy of ultrasound-guided versus blind injections of steroid in the glenohumeral joint in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Apr. 36 (4):933-940. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Huynh L, McCormick ZL, Kennedy DJ. Joint and spinal injection procedures. Frontera WR, DeLisa JA, Basford JR, Bockenek WL, Chae J, Robinson LR, et al, eds. DeLisa's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. Chap 53.

13. Lubbers W. Emergency procedures. Stone CK, Humphries RL, eds. Current Diagnosis and Treatment: Emergency Medicine. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2017. 78-140.

14. Braddom R. Peripheral joint, soft tissue and spinal injection techniques. Braddom RL, Buschbacher RM, Chan L, et al, eds. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007. 541-62.

Stephen Kishner, MD, MHA Professor of Clinical Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Program Director, Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans

Stephen Kishner, MD, MHA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Eric M Stockwell, MD Resident Physician, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brett J Rothaermel, MD, PT Clinical Instructor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Louisiana State University School of Medicine; Clinical Lead, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System

Brett J Rothaermel, MD, PT is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Louisiana State Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Laurie Scudder, DNP, NP Nurse Planner, Medscape; Senior Clinical Professor of Nursing, George Washington University

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Erik D Schraga, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jaimie A Clodfelter, DO Resident Physician, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Louisiana State University Health Science Center

Jaimie A Clodfelter, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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