Bucher JT, Vashisht R, Ladd M, Cooper JS. Bag Mask Ventilation. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2022. [Full Text].
Levitan RM. The Airway Cam Guide to Intubation and Practical Emergency Airway Management. Wayne, PA: Airway Cam Technologies; 2004. 49-54.
Steuerwald MT, Robinson BR, Hanseman DJ, Makley A, Pritts TA. Prehospital airway technique does not influence incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Feb. 80 (2):283-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sunde GA, Heltne JK, Lockey D, Burns B, Sandberg M, Fredriksen K, et al. Airway management by physician-staffed Helicopter Emergency Medical Services - a prospective, multicentre, observational study of 2,327 patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2015 Aug 7. 23:57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gausche M, Lewis RJ, Stratton SJ, Haynes BE, Gunter CS, Goodrich SM, et al. Effect of out-of-hospital pediatric endotracheal intubation on survival and neurological outcome: a controlled clinical trial. JAMA. 2000 Feb 9. 283 (6):783-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hansen ML, Lin A, Eriksson C, Daya M, McNally B, Fu R, et al. A comparison of pediatric airway management techniques during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using the CARES database. Resuscitation. 2017 Nov. 120:51-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Artime CA, Hagberg CA. Airway management in the adult. Gropper MA, Cohen NH, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Leslie K, Wiener-Kronish JP, eds. Miller’s Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. Vol 1: 1373-412.
Carleton SC, Reardon RF, Brown CA III. Bag-mask ventilation. Brown CA III, Sakles JC, Mick NW, eds. The Walls Manual of Emergency Airway Management. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2018. Chap 9.
Driver BE, Reardon RF. Basic airway management and decision making. Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, Chanmugam AS, Chudnofsky CR, DeBlieux PMC, et al, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. 39-61.
Lyng JW, Guyette FX, Levy M, Bosson N. Prehospital Manual Ventilation: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2022. 26 (sup1):23-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html. February 2, 2022; Accessed: March 18, 2022.
[Guideline] Kleinman ME, Brennan EE, Goldberger ZD, Swor RA, Terry M, Bobrow BJ, et al. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2015 Nov 3. 132 (18 Suppl 2):S414-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Joffe AM, Hetzel S, Liew EC. A two-handed jaw-thrust technique is superior to the one-handed "EC-clamp" technique for mask ventilation in the apneic unconscious person. Anesthesiology. 2010 Oct. 113 (4):873-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gerber L, Botha M, Laher AE. Modified Two-Rescuer CPR With a Two-Handed Mask-Face Seal Technique Is Superior To Conventional Two-Rescuer CPR With a One-Handed Mask-Face Seal Technique. J Emerg Med. 2021 Sep. 61 (3):252-258. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Kleinman ME, Goldberger ZD, Rea T, Swor RA, Bobrow BJ, Brennan EE, et al. 2017 American Heart Association Focused Update on Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2018 Jan 2. 137 (1):e7-e13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kovacs G, Law JA. Oxygen delivery devices and bag-mask ventilation. Kovacs G, Law JA, eds. Airway Management in Emergencies. 2nd ed. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Publishing House USA; 2011. 35-62.
Cereceda-Sánchez FJ, Molina-Mula J. Systematic Review of Capnography with Mask Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Maneuvers. J Clin Med. 2019 Mar 13. 8 (3):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

Author

Nichole Bosson, MD Base Hospital Medical Director, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Medical Director, Paramedic Training Institute, LA County EMS Agency

Nichole Bosson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, National Association of EMS Physicians, Phi Beta Kappa, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Peter E Gordon, MD, FACEP Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Service, Bellevue Hospital Center

Peter E Gordon, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP Geri and Richard Brawerman Chair in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Professor and Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, Medical Director, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

Michael R Filbin, MD, FACEP Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

Michael R Filbin, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Massachusetts Medical Society, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.