Author
Hilarie Cranmer, MD, MPH, FACEP Director of Disaster Response, MGH Center for Global Health; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School and School of Public Health
Hilarie Cranmer, MD, MPH, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Massachusetts Medical Society, Physicians for Human Rights, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center; Chairman, Pediatric Institutional Review Board, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
George T Griffing, MD Professor Emeritus of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine
George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Physician Leadership, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
Debra Slapper, MD Physician, Southwest Washington Free Clinic System-Urgent Care; Former FEMA Physician and Military Contractor; Former Associate Professor, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
Debra Slapper, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Michael Shannon, MD, MPH†,to the development and writing of the source article.
