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Joshua E Markowitz, MD, FACEP, RDMS, SAIUM Senior Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Services Liaison, Assistant Lead for Disaster Preparedness, The Permanente Medical Group, Santa Clara Medical Group; Clinical Assistant Professor (Affiliate), Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine

Joshua E Markowitz, MD, FACEP, RDMS, SAIUM is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP Geri and Richard Brawerman Chair in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Professor and Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, Medical Director, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael R Filbin, MD, FACEP Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

Michael R Filbin, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Massachusetts Medical Society, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Drugs & Diseases gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Lars Grimm with the literature review and referencing for this article.

Medscape Drugs & Diseases thanks Gauri Mankekar, MBBS, MS, PhD, Consulting Surgeon, Department of Otolaryngology, PD Hinduja National Hospital, India, for the video contribution to this article.

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