Domestic Violence Questions & Answers

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States. CDC, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/IPVBook-a.pdf. March 2003;

2. Smith, S.G., Chen, J., Basile, K.C., et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010-2012 State Report. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/NISVS-StateReportBook.pdf. 2017; Accessed: June 12, 2017.

3. U.S. Department of Justice - Office of Justice Programs. Special Report: Intimate Partner Violence, 1993–2010. November 2012. [Full Text].

4. McCoy M. Domestic violence: clues to victimization. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jun. 27(6):764-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Bachman R, Saltzman LE. Violence against women: Estimates from the redesigned survey August 1995. NCJ-154348 Special Report. US Department of Justice:[Full Text].

6. Sachs CJ, Baraff LJ, Peek C. Need for law enforcement in cases of intimate partner violence in a university ED. Am J Emerg Med. 1998 Jan. 16(1):60-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Vasquez D, Falcone RE. Cross-gender violence. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 Mar. 29(3):427-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Ernst AA, Nick TG, Weiss SJ, et al. Domestic violence in an inner-city ED. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 Aug. 30(2):190-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Feder G, Davies RA, Baird K, Dunne D, Eldridge S, Griffiths C, et al. Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS) of women experiencing domestic violence with a primary care training and support programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Nov 19. 378(9805):1788-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Hugl-Wajek JA, Cairo D, Shah S, McCreary B. Detection of domestic violence by a domestic violence advocate in the ED. J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov. 43(5):860-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Sebastian SJ. Domestic violence. Harwood-Nuss AL, ed. The Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 2nd ed. Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996.

12. Ahmad F, Hogg-Johnson S, Stewart DE, Skinner HA, Glazier RH, Levinson W. Computer-assisted screening for intimate partner violence and control: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jul 21. 151(2):93-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Heilig S, Rodriguez M, Martin S, Louie D, eds. Domestic violence: A practical approach for clinicians. San Francisco Medical Society; 1995. [Full Text].

14. Strack GB, McLane G. How to improve your investigation and prosecution of strangulation cases. Presented at Family Prevention National Health/Domestic Violence Conf. 2000.

15. Siemieniuk RA, Krentz HB, Gish JA, Gill MJ. Domestic violence screening: prevalence and outcomes in a Canadian HIV population. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010 Dec. 24(12):763-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Sareen J, Pagura J, Grant B. Is intimate partner violence associated with HIV infection among women in the United States?. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009 May-Jun. 31(3):274-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Feder G, Wathen CN, MacMillan HL. An evidence-based response to intimate partner violence: WHO guidelines. JAMA. 2013 Aug 7. 310(5):479-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Brookoff D, O'Brien KK, Cook CS, et al. Characteristics of participants in domestic violence. Assessment at the scene of domestic assault. JAMA. 1997 May 7. 277(17):1369-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, Smith SG, Walters ML, Merrick MT, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. CDC. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf. Accessed: October 7, 2014.

20. Ross DS. Adult abuse. Rosen P, ed. Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 3rd ed. Mosby-Year Book; 1992.

21. Abbott J. Injuries and illnesses of domestic violence. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 Jun. 29(6):781-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Alpert EJ, Sege RD, Bradshaw YS. Interpersonal violence and the education of physicians. Acad Med. 1997 Jan. 72(1 Suppl):S41-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Anderson RJ, Taliaferro EH. Injury prevention and control. J Emerg Med. 1998 May-Jun. 16(3):489-98. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Barkin RM. Pediatrics. A potpourri of clinical pearls. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1997 May. 15(2):381-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Boergerhoff LA, Gerberich SG, Anderson A, et al. Out-of-hospital violence injury surveillance: quality of data collection. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Dec. 34(6):745-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Bonds DE, Ellis SD, Weeks E, Palla SL, Lichstein P. A practice-centered intervention to increase screening for domestic violence in primary care practices. BMC Fam Pract. 2006. 7:63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Bostock DJ, Brewster AL. Intimate partner sexual violence. Clinics in Family Practice. 2003 Mar. 5 (1):145.

28. Cantu M, Coppola M, Lindner AJ. Evaluation and management of the sexually assaulted woman. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2003 Aug. 21(3):737-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Condon L. Tracking violence at home (domestic violence involving same-sex couples). The Advocate. 2001 Sept 11.

30. Corrigan JD, Wolfe M, Mysiw WJ, et al. Early identification of mild traumatic brain injury in female victims of domestic violence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 May. 188(5 Suppl):S71-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Cross M. Why looking for victims of domestic violence makes sense. Manag Care. 2003 May. 12(5):27-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Director TD, Linden JA. Domestic violence: an approach to identification and intervention. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Nov. 22(4):1117-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Duxbury F. Recognising domestic violence in clinical practice using the diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and low self-esteem. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 Apr. 56(525):294-300. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Easley M. Domestic violence. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jun. 27(6):762-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Feldhaus KM, Koziol-McLain J, Amsbury HL, et al. Accuracy of 3 brief screening questions for detecting partner violence in the emergency department. JAMA. 1997 May 7. 277(17):1357-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Flitcraft A. Learning from the paradoxes of domestic violence. JAMA. 1997 May 7. 277(17):1400-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Furbee PM, Sikora R, Williams JM, et al. Comparison of domestic violence screening methods: a pilot study. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Apr. 31(4):495-501. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Gazmararian JA, Lazorick S, Spitz AM, et al. Prevalence of violence against pregnant women. JAMA. 1996 Jun 26. 275(24):1915-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Greenfeld LA, Henneberg MA. Victim and offender self-reports of alcohol involvement in crime. Alcohol Res Health. 2001. 25(1):20-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Gremillion DH, Kanof EP. Overcoming barriers to physician involvement in identifying and referring victims of domestic violence. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jun. 27(6):769-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Gribbin A. Murder biggest cause of death in pregnancy. The Washington Times. March 21, 2001.

42. Horon IL, Cheng D. Enhanced surveillance for pregnancy-associated mortality--Maryland, 1993-1998. JAMA. 2001 Mar 21. 285(11):1455-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Houry D, Feldhaus K, Thorson AC, et al. Mandatory reporting laws do not deter patients from seeking medical care. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Sep. 34(3):336-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Houry D, Feldhaus KM, Nyquist SR, et al. Emergency department documentation in cases of intentional assault. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Dec. 34(6):715-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Hyman A, Schillinger D, Lo B. Laws mandating reporting of domestic violence. Do they promote patient well-being?. JAMA. 1995 Jun 14. 273(22):1781-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Iavicoli LG. Mandatory reporting of domestic violence: the law, friend or foe?. Mt Sinai J Med. 2005 Jul. 72(4):228-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Kaufmann MC. Decreasing the burden of trauma for victims of violence. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 Aug. 30(2):199-203. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Kernsmith P. Exerting power or striking back: a gendered comparison of motivations for domestic violence perpetration. Violence Vict. 2005 Apr. 20(2):173-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Kyriacou DN, McCabe F, Anglin D, et al. Emergency department-based study of risk factors for acute injury from domestic violence against women. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Apr. 31(4):502-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Landis JM, Sorenson SB. Victims of violence: the role and training of EMS personnel. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 Aug. 30(2):204-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Marwick C. Domestic violence recognized as world problem. JAMA. 1998 May 20. 279(19):1510. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. McAfee RE. Physicians and domestic violence. Can we make a difference?. JAMA. 1995 Jun 14. 273(22):1790-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, et al. Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse: unhealed wounds. JAMA. 1997 May 7. 277(17):1362-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. McLeer SV, Anwar RAH. The abused, assaulted adult. Schwartz GR, ed. Principles and Practice of Emergency Medicine. 2nd ed. Lea & Febiger; 1992.

55. Muelleman RL, Burgess P. Male victims of domestic violence and their history of perpetrating violence. Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Sep. 5(9):866-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Muelleman RL, Lenaghan PA, Pakieser RA. Battered women: injury locations and types. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Nov. 28(5):486-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Muelleman RL, Lenaghan PA, Pakieser RA. Nonbattering presentations to the ED of women in physically abusive relationships. Am J Emerg Med. 1998 Mar. 16(2):128-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Muelleman RL, Reuwer J, Sanson TG, et al. An emergency medicine approach to violence throughout the life cycle. SAEM Public Health and Education Committee. Acad Emerg Med. 1996 Jul. 3(7):708-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

59. Neufeld B. SAFE questions: overcoming barriers to the detection of domestic violence. Am Fam Physician. 1996 Jun. 53(8):2575-80, 2582. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Phelan MB, Hamberger LK, Guse CE, et al. Domestic violence among male and female patients seeking emergency medical services. Violence Vict. 2005 Apr. 20(2):187-206. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Ponsell MR. Assessing facial fractures in the emergency department. JAAPA. 2003 May. 16(5):43-4, 47-50, 69. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Rivara FP, Mueller BA, Somes G, et al. Alcohol and illicit drug abuse and the risk of violent death in the home. JAMA. 1997 Aug 20. 278(7):569-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

63. Sachs CJ, Peek C, Baraff LJ, et al. Failure of the mandatory domestic violence reporting law to increase medical facility referral to police. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Apr. 31(4):488-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

64. Salber PR, Taliaferro E. Domestic violence. Rosen P, ed. Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 4th ed. Mosby-Year Book; 1998.

65. Salber PR, Taliaferro E. Domestic violence. Tintinalli JE, ed. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill; 1996.

66. Salber PR, Taliaferro E. Intimate partner violence and abuse. Rosen, ed. Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002.

67. Salber PR, Taliaferro E. Men and domestic violence. Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Sep. 5(9):849-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

68. Science News. Childhood trauma raises risk of heart disease. Science News. 2004 Nov 30.

69. Shkrum MJ, Ramsay DA. Forensic Pathology of Trauma. Totowa NJ: Humana Press; 2007.

70. Smock WS. Forensic emergency medicine. Rosen P, ed. Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002.

71. Spitz WU, ed. Medicolegal Investigation of Death. 4th ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Fisher Publisher; 2006.

72. Tjaden P, Thoennes N. Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence. Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. July 2000. NJC 181867:

73. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for family and intimate partner violence: recommendation statement. Ann Fam Med. 2004 Mar-Apr. 2(2):156-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

74. Wahl RA, Sisk DJ, Ball TM. Clinic-based screening for domestic violence: use of a child safety questionnaire. BMC Med. 2004 Jun 30. 2:25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

75. Waller AE, Hohenhaus SM, Shah PJ, et al. Development and validation of an emergency department screening and referral protocol for victims of domestic violence. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jun. 27(6):754-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

76. Wattendorf G. Expert testimony and risk assessment in stalking cases: the FBI's NCAVC as a resource. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime. Nov 1, 2004.

77. Ziegler MF, Greenwald MH, DeGuzman MA, et al. Posttraumatic stress responses in children: awareness and practice among a sample of pediatric emergency care providers. Pediatrics. 2005 May. 115(5):1261-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

78. Zink T, Elder N, Jacobson J, et al. Medical management of intimate partner violence considering the stages of change: precontemplation and contemplation. Ann Fam Med. 2004 May-Jun. 2(3):231-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Lynn Barkley Burnett, MD, EdD, JD Medical Advisor, Fresno County Sheriff's Office; Attending Consultant-in-Chief and Chairman, Medical Ethics, Community Medical Centers; Instructor in Emergency Medicine, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine; Core Graduate Adjunct Professor of Forensic Pathology, National University Master of Forensic Science Program; Associate Faculty, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix

Lynn Barkley Burnett, MD, EdD, JD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Suicidology, American Cancer Society, American College of Sports Medicine, American Heart Association, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, American Public Health Association, American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, American Stroke Association, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, Christian Medical and Dental Associations, European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery, European Society of Cardiology, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, International Homicide Investigators Association, New York Academy of Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Royal Society of Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jonathan Adler, MD, MS Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital

Jonathan Adler, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Robert Harwood, MD, MPH, FACEP, FAAEM Senior Physcian, Department of Emergency Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine

Robert Harwood, MD, MPH, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine, Phi Beta Kappa, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP Program Director, Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery

Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Thoracic Society, New York Academy of Medicine, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Steven A Conrad, MD, PhD Chief, Department of Emergency Medicine; Chief, Multidisciplinary Critical Care Service, Professor, Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Steven A Conrad, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Critical Care Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, Louisiana State Medical Society, Shock Society, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article