Overview
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What factor indicates a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility phenotype?
How does smoking increase susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What are defining features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the role of emphysema in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
How prevalent is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the US?
How does the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) vary by sex?
How does the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) vary by age?
What is the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What factors can alter the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should patients receive?
Presentation
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
How do symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) vary between the two types?
What are possible complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
DDX
Workup
What is the role of lab testing in the evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Which lab tests are helpful in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
How is polycythemia revealed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Treatment
What are the mainstays of therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the benefit of titrated oxygen treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
When is intubation indicated in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What are the treatment options for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the ED?
What is the role of nitric oxide in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
How is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevented?
In the ED, what monitoring is needed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Guidelines
What is the GOLD classification for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Medications
What are the first-line therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What are the benefits of combination therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
When should a nebulizer be used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Which antibiotics are used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Which antibiotics are effective in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the role of magnesium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the role of helium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Histopathology of chronic bronchitis showing hyperplasia of mucous glands and infiltration of the airway wall with inflammatory cells.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Histopathology of chronic bronchitis showing hyperplasia of mucous glands and infiltration of the airway wall with inflammatory cells (high-powered view).
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Posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiograph in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hyperinflation, depressed diaphragms, increased retrosternal space, and hypovascularity of lung parenchyma is demonstrated.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A lung with emphysema shows increased anteroposterior (AP) diameter, increased retrosternal airspace, and flattened diaphragms on lateral chest radiograph.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A lung with emphysema shows increased anteroposterior (AP) diameter, increased retrosternal airspace, and flattened diaphragms on posteroanterior chest radiograph.
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Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax.