Antibiotics
Class Summary
Empiric antimicrobial therapy must be comprehensive and should cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting.
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Lincosamide for the treatment of serious skin and soft-tissue staphylococcal infections. Also effective against aerobic and anaerobic streptococci (except enterococci). Inhibits bacterial growth, possibly by blocking dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosomes causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest.
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
Second-generation cephalosporin indicated for infections with gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rod. Infections caused by cephalosporin- or penicillin-resistant gram-negative bacteria may respond.
Penicillin G (Pfizerpen)
Interferes with synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible microorganisms; traditional drug for the treatment of lung abscess, but its spectrum of activity is narrow.
Ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin)
Inhibits biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide and is effective during active growth stage. Antipseudomonal penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor that provides coverage against most gram-positive bacteria, most gram-negative bacteria, and most anaerobes.
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)
Antipseudomonal penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor. Inhibits biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide and is effective during stage of active multiplication.
Imipenem and cilastatin (Primaxin)
For treatment of multiple organism infections in which other agents do not have wide-spectrum coverage or are contraindicated because of potential for toxicity.
Vancomycin (Vancoled, Vancocin, Lyphocin)
Potent antibiotic directed against gram-positive organisms and active against Enterococcus species. Useful in the treatment of septicemia and skin structure infections. Indicated for patients who cannot receive or whose conditions are unresponsive to penicillins and cephalosporins or have infections with resistant staphylococci. For abdominal-penetrating injuries, it is combined with an agent active against enteric flora and/or anaerobes. To avoid toxicity, current recommendation is to assay vancomycin trough levels after third dose drawn 0.5 h prior to next dosing. Use CrCl to adjust dose in patients with renal impairment.
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Histology of a lung abscess shows dense inflammatory reaction (low power).
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A thick-walled lung abscess.
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Pneumococcal pneumonia complicated by lung necrosis and abscess formation.
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A lateral chest radiograph shows air-fluid level characteristic of lung abscess.
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A 54-year-old patient developed cough with foul-smelling sputum production. A chest radiograph shows lung abscess in the left lower lobe, superior segment.
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A 42-year-old man developed fever and production of foul-smelling sputum. He had a history of heavy alcohol use, and poor dentition was obvious on physical examination. Chest radiograph shows lung abscess in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe.
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A 42-year-old man developed fever and production of foul-smelling sputum. He had a history of heavy alcohol use, and poor dentition was obvious on physical examination. Lung abscess in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe was demonstrated on chest radiograph. CT scan shows a thin-walled cavity with surrounding consolidation.
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Chest radiograph of a patient who had foul-smelling and bad-tasting sputum, an almost diagnostic feature of anaerobic lung abscess.
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Histology of a lung abscess shows dense inflammatory reaction (high power).