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Media Gallery

Patient transporting cocaine packets seen on KUB and lateral radiographs (mostly on left side). The patient was admitted, and a large number of packets was later obtained without procedural intervention or complication.
Patient transporting cocaine packets seen on KUB and lateral radiographs (mostly on left side). The patient was admitted, and a large number of packets was later obtained without procedural intervention or complication.
CT scan of patient transporting cocaine packets.
Schematics show the 3 types of action potentials in the right ventricle: endocardial (End), mid myocardial (M), and epicardial (Epi). A, Normal situation on V2 ECG generated by transmural voltage gradients during the depolarization and repolarization phases of the action potentials. B-E, Different alterations of the epicardial action potential that produce the ECGs changes observed in patients with Brugada syndrome. Adapted from Antzelevitch, 2005.
Three types of ST-segment elevation in Brugada syndrome, as shown in the precordial leads on ECG in the same patient at different times. Left panel shows a type 1 ECG pattern with pronounced elevation of the J point (arrow), a coved-type ST segment, and an inverted T wave in V1 and V2. The middle panel illustrates a type 2 pattern with a saddleback ST-segment elevated by >1 mm. The right panel shows a type 3 pattern in which the ST segment is elevated < 1 mm. According to a consensus report (Antzelevitch, 2005), the type 1 ECG pattern is diagnostic of Brugada syndrome. Modified from Wilde, 2002.

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Table 1. Onset of Effects, Peak Effects, Duration of Euphoria, and Plasma Half-Life by Routes of Administration

Route	Onset	Peak Effect (min)	Duration (min)	Half-Life (min)
Inhalation	7 s	1-5	20	40-60
Intravenous	15 s	3-5	20-30	40-60
Nasal	3 min	15	45-90	60-90
Oral	10 min	60	60	60-90

Table 2. DAWN Data, 2011

Total ED Visits for Cocaine in US	505,224
White	185,748
Black	236,089
Hispanic	49,810
Other/2+ Race/Ethnicities	5086
Unknown	28,490

Table 3. Current Cocaine Use by Age: 2016

Age Range (y)	Cocaine Use, Any Form, Past Month (Percentage of Same-age Population)	Crack Cocaine Use, Past Month (Percentage of Same-age Population)
Total	1.9 million (0.7%)	432,000 (0.2%)
12-17	28,000 (0.2%)	3000 (< 0.1%)
18-25	552,000 (1.4%)	15,000 (< 0.1%)
≥26	1.3 million (0.5%)	414,000 (0.2%)

Table 4. 2011 DAWN Data on Emergency Department Visits for Cocaine, by Age ^[20]

Age, y	Number of Visits
0-11	...
12-17	5904
18-20	15,198
21-24	37,643
25-29	57,398
30-34	55,247
35-44	127,405
45-54	154,101
55-64	47,064
≥65	4887

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