Frank AL, Charette RS, Groen K. Ankle dislocation. 2022 Jan. Stat Pearls.:Treasure Island, FL. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Thangarajah T, Giotakis N, Matovu E. Bilateral ankle dislocation without malleolar fracture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008 Sep-Oct. 47(5):441-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Liebhauser M, Brunner S, Antoniadis A. [Ankle dislocation without osseous lesions]. Unfallchirurg. 2019 Mar. 122 (3):238-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wight L, Owen D, Goldbloom D, et al. Pure ankle dislocation: a systematic review of the literature and estimation of incidence. Injury. 2017 Oct. 48 (10):2027-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sayit E, Sayit AT, Zan E. Open dislocation of ankle without fracture treated with an external fixator. Orthop Surg. 2017 May. 9 (2):247-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hagebusch P, Neun O, Gramlich Y, et al. Open ankle dislocation without associated malleolar fracture on a trampoline. A case report. Z Orthop Unfall. 2020 Jun. 158 (3):347-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tantigate D, Ho G, Kirschenbaum J, et al. Functional outcomes after fracture-dislocation of the ankle. Foot Ankle Spec. 2020 Feb. 13 (1):18-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yalın M, Aslantaş FÇ, Duramaz A, et al. The common comorbidities leading to poor clinical outcomes after the surgical treatment of ankle fracture-dislocations. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2020 Nov. 26 (6):943-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
VanPelt MD, Athey A, Yao J, et al. Is routine hardware removal following open reduction internal fixation of tarsometatarsal joint fracture/dislocation necessary?. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2019 Mar. 58 (2):226-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chan JJ, Garden E, Nordio A, et al. Distraction arthroplasty as acute and definitive treatment for open ankle fracture dislocation. Orthopedics. 2021 Jan 1. 44 (1):e148-e150. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tarantino U, Cannata G, Gasbarra E, et al. Open medial dislocation of the ankle without fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008 Oct. 90(10):1382-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zhao WG, Ma JT, Yan XL, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of major joint fracture-dislocations. Orthop Surg. 2021 Dec. 13 (8):2310-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Xing W, Xie P, Wang L, et al. The application of intraoperative ankle dislocation approach in the treatment of the unstable trimalleolar fractures involving posterior ankle comminuted fracture: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Surg. 2018 Apr 18. 18 (1):23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Southerland JT. McGlamry's Comprehensive Textbook of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 4th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
Weston JT, Liu X, Wandtke ME, et al. A systematic review of total dislocation of the talus. Orthop Surg. 2015 May. 7 (2):97-101. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lübbeke A, Salvo D, Stern R, et al. Risk factors for post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle: an eighteen year follow-up study. Int Orthop. 2012 July. 36 (7):1403-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Soneji N, Peng PW. Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures in pain medicine: a review of anatomy, sonoanatomy, and procedures: part VI: ankle joint. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Jan-Feb. 41 (1):99-116. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ross A, Catanzariti AR, Mendicino RW. The hematoma block: a simple, effective technique for closed reduction of ankle fracture dislocations. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2011 Jul-Aug. 50(4):507-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Grotz MR, Alpantaki K, Kagda FH, et al. Open tibiotalar dislocation without associated fracture in a 7-year-old girl. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2008 Jun. 37(6):E116-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Heyworth J. Ottawa ankle rules for the injured ankle. Br J Sports Med. 2003 Jun. 37 (3):194. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et al. Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Refinement and prospective validation. JAMA. 1993 Mar 3. 269 (9):1127-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Mosher TJ, Kransdorf MJ, Adler R, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria acute trauma to the ankle. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015 Mar. 12 (3):221-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wilson M, Michele A, Jacobsen E. Ankle dislocations without fracture. JBJS. January 1939. 21:198-204.
Moehring HD, Tan RT, Marder RA, et al. Ankle dislocation. J Orthop Trauma. 1994. 8(2):167-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Karampinas PK, Kavroudakis E, Polyzois V, et al. Open talar dislocations without associated fractures. Foot Ankle Surg. 2014 Jun. 20(2):100-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Graeme KA, Jackimczyk KC. The extremities and spine. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1997 May. 15(2):365-79. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kim DI, Kim YS, Han SH. Topography of human ankle joint: focused on posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve. Anat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun. 48 (2):130-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Agrawal AC, Raza H, Haq R. Closed posterior dislocation of the ankle without fracture. Indian J Orthop. 2008 Jul. 42(3):360-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Camarda L, Martorana U, D'Arienzo M. Posterior subtalar dislocation. Orthopedics. 2009 Jul. 32(7):530. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Daffner RH. Ankle trauma. Semin Roentgenol. 1994 Apr. 29(2):134-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Daffner RH. Ankle trauma. Radiol Clin North Am. 1990 Mar. 28(2):395-421. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dean DB. Field management of displaced ankle fractures: techniques for successful reduction. Wilderness Environ Med. 2009 Spring. 20(1):57-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Distefano S, Divita G. A case of pure dislocation of the ankle joint. Ital J Orthop Traumatol. 1988 Mar. 14(1):133-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Finkemeier C, Engebretsen L, Gannon J. Tibial-talar dislocation without fracture: treatment principles and outcome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1995. 3(1):47-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Greenbaum MA, Pupp GR. Ankle dislocation without fracture: an unusual case report. J Foot Surg. 1992 May-Jun. 31(3):238-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Griffiths HJ. Trauma to the ankle and foot. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1986. 26(1):45-105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Krishnamurthy S, Schultz RJ. Pure posteromedial dislocation of the ankle joint. A case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985 Dec. (201):68-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Merianos P, Papagiannakos K, Hatzis A, et al. Peritalar dislocation: a follow-up report of 21 cases. Injury. 1988 Nov. 19(6):439-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mooney JF, Naylor PT, Poehling GG. Anterolateral ankle dislocation without fracture. South Med J. 1991 Feb. 84(2):244-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schuberth JM. Diagnosis of ankle injuries: the essentials. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1994 Mar-Apr. 33(2):214. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wehner J, Lorenz M. Lateral ankle dislocation without fracture. J Orthop Trauma. 1990. 4(3):362-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wilson AB, Toriello EA. Lateral rotatory dislocation of the ankle without fracture. J Orthop Trauma. 1991. 5(1):93-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wroble RR, Nepola JV, Malvitz TA. Ankle dislocation without fracture. Foot Ankle. 1988 Oct. 9(2):64-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].