Kim SH, Meehan JP, Blumenfeld T, Szabo RM. Hip fractures in the United States: Nationwide emergency department sample, 2008. Arthritis Care Res. Dec 2011.
Ozimok C, Koff D, Parasu N. Emphasizing the Diagnostic Value of Digital Tomosynthesis in Detecting Hip Fractures. Tomography. 2020 Sep. 6 (3):308-314. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zuckerman JD. Hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jun 6. 334 (23):1519-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kanis JA, Oden A, McCloskey EV, et al. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int. 2012. 23:2239–2256.
[Guideline] Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging:., Ross AB, Lee KS, Chang EY, Amini B, Bussell JK, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Hip Pain-Suspected Fracture. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May. 16 (5S):S18-S25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Emmerson BR, Varacallo M, Inman D. Hip Fracture Overview. 2021 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Haj-Mirzaian A, Eng J, Khorasani R, et al. Use of Advanced Imaging for Radiographically Occult Hip Fracture in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Radiology. 2020 Sep. 296 (3):521-531. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bartonícek J. Pauwels' classification of femoral neck fractures: correct interpretation of the original. J Orthop Trauma. 2001 Jun-Jul. 15 (5):358-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
van Embden D, Roukema GR, et al. The Pauwels classification for intracapsular hip fractures: is it reliable?. Injury. 2011 Nov. 42 (11):1238-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kazley JM, Banerjee S, Abousayed MM, Rosenbaum AJ. Classifications in Brief: Garden Classification of Femoral Neck Fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018 Feb. 476 (2):441-445. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lu Y, Uppal HS. Hip Fractures: Relevant Anatomy, Classification, and Biomechanics of Fracture and Fixation. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2019. 10:2151459319859139. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Amin NH, West JA, Farmer T, Basmajian HG. Nerve Blocks in the Geriatric Patient With Hip Fracture: A Review of the Current Literature and Relevant Neuroanatomy. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2017 Dec. 8 (4):268-275. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Garip L, Balocco AL, Van Boxstael S. From emergency department to operating room: interventional analgesia techniques for hip fractures. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2021 Jul 27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lee JS, Bhandari T, Simard R, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia in older ED patients with hip fractures: a study to test the feasibility of a training programme and time needed to complete nerve blocks by ED physicians after training. BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 5. 11 (7):e047113. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wennberg P, Hillberg Hörnfeldt T, Stål S, et al. Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) as pain treatment in older persons with suspected hip fractures in prehospital emergency care - A comparative pilot study. Int Emerg Nurs. 2021 Jul. 57:101012. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Egan M, Jaglal S, Byrne K, Wells J, Stolee P. Factors associated with a second hip fracture: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2008 Mar. 22(3):272-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sennerby U, Melhus H, Gedeborg R, Byberg L, Garmo H, Ahlbom A, et al. Cardiovascular diseases and risk of hip fracture. JAMA. 2009 Oct 21. 302(15):1666-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Carbone L, Buzkova P, Fink HA, Lee JS, Chen Z, Ahmed A, et al. Hip fractures and heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur Heart J. 2010 Jan. 31(1):77-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Trimpou P, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Oden A, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Male risk factors for hip fracture-a 30-year follow-up study in 7,495 men. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Mar. 21(3):409-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kettunen JA, Impivaara O, Kujala UM, Linna M, Maki J, Raty H, et al. Hip fractures and femoral bone mineral density in male former elite athletes. Bone. 2010 Feb. 46(2):330-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jalbert JJ, Eaton CB, Miller SC, Lapane KL. Antipsychotic use and the risk of hip fracture among older adults afflicted with dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010 Feb. 11(2):120-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Calmy A, Fux CA, Norris R, Vallier N, Delhumeau C, Samaras K, et al. Low bone mineral density, renal dysfunction, and fracture risk in HIV infection: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 1. 200(11):1746-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Radcliff TA, Henderson WG, Stoner TJ, Khuri SF, Dohm M, Hutt E. Patient risk factors, operative care, and outcomes among older community-dwelling male veterans with hip fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Jan. 90(1):34-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bryson DJ, Knapp S, Middleton RG, Faizi M, Bhansali H, Uzoigwe CE. Representation to the accident and emergency department within 1-year of a fractured neck of femur. J Orthop Surg Res. 2011 Dec 21. 6:63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Maggi S, Siviero P, Wetle T, Besdine RW, Saugo M, Crepaldi G. A multicenter survey on profile of care for hip fracture: predictors of mortality and disability. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Feb. 21(2):223-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Marshall LM, Zmuda JM, Chan BK, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley JA, Ensrud KE, et al. Race and ethnic variation in proximal femur structure and BMD among older men. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Jan. 23(1):121-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cabalatungan S, Divaris N, McCormack JE, et al. Incidence, Outcomes, and Recidivism of Elderly Patients Admitted For Isolated Hip Fracture. J Surg Res. 2018 Dec. 232:257-265. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ioannidis I, Mohammad Ismail A, Forssten MP, et al. The mortality burden in patients with hip fractures and dementia. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2021 Feb 27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Knauf T, Bücking B, Bargello M, et al. Predictors of long-term survival after hip fractures?-5-year results of a prospective study in Germany. Arch Osteoporos. 2019 Mar 16. 14 (1):40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Carpintero P, Caeiro JR, Carpintero R, et al. Complications of hip fractures: A review. World J Orthop. 2014 Sep 18. 5 (4):402-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wilczek ML, Kälvesten J, Algulin J, Beiki O, Brismar TB. Digital X-ray radiogrammetry of hand or wrist radiographs can predict hip fracture risk-a study in 5,420 women and 2,837 men. Eur Radiol. 2013 May. 23(5):1383-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kirby MW, Spritzer C. Radiographic detection of hip and pelvic fractures in the emergency department. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Apr. 194(4):1054-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ozimok C, Koff D, Parasu N. Emphasizing the Diagnostic Value of Digital Tomosynthesis in Detecting Hip Fractures. Tomography. 2020 Sep. 6 (3):308-314. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
O'Malley NT, Blauth M, Suhm N, Kates SL. Hip fracture management, before and beyond surgery and medication: a synthesis of the evidence. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011 Nov. 131 (11):1519-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ritcey B, Pageau P, Woo MY, Perry JJ. Regional Nerve Blocks For Hip and Femoral Neck Fractures in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. CJEM. 2016 Jan. 18 (1):37-47. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dickman E, Pushkar I, Likourezos A, Todd K, Hwang U, Akhter S, et al. Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for intracapsular and extracapsular hip fractures. Am J Emerg Med. 2015 Dec 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Groot L, Dijksman LM, Simons MP, Zwartsenburg MM, Rebel JR. Single Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block is Safe and Effective for Emergency Pain Relief in Hip-fracture Patients. West J Emerg Med. 2015 Dec. 16 (7):1188-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Pierrie SN, Wally MK, Churchill C, Patt JC, Seymour RB, Karunakar MA. Pre-Hip Fracture Falls: A Missed Opportunity for Intervention. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2019. 10:2151459319856230. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ, et al. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 23. 169(6):551-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Barclay, L. New Guidelines Address Hip Fractures in Older Adults. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/831690. September 15, 2014; Accessed: August 4, 2021.
[Guideline] American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of Hip Fractures in the Elderly: Evidence- Based Clinical Practice Guideline. AAOS.org. Available at https://www.aaos.org/globalassets/quality-and-practice-resources/hip-fractures-in-the-elderly/hip-fractures-elderly-clinical-practice-guideline-4-24-19.pdf. September 5, 2014; Accessed: August 4, 2021.
Barclay L. Geriatrics Society Guidelines: Vitamin D May Prevent Falls. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/819047. January 10, 2014; Accessed: August 4, 2021.
Delee JC. Fractures in Adults. Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996. 1659-63.
Geiderman J. Hip injuries. Harwood-Nuss A, Linden CH, eds. The Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1991. 407-409.
Gurr DE, Gibbs MS. Femur and hip. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Mosby Inc; 2002. 643-674.
Holder LE, Schwarz C, Wernicke PG, Michael RH. Radionuclide bone imaging in the early detection of fractures of the proximal femur (hip): multifactorial analysis. Radiology. 1990 Feb. 174(2):509-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
LaVelle DG. Fractures of hip. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 10th ed. Mosby Inc; 2003. 2873-2938.
Lin JT, Lane JM. Osteoporosis: a review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Aug. 126-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lu-Yao GL, Baron JA, Barrett JA, Fisher ES. Treatment and survival among elderly Americans with hip fractures: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 1994 Aug. 84(8):1287-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McGuire KJ, Bernstein J, Polsky D, Silber JH. The 2004 Marshall Urist award: delays until surgery after hip fracture increases mortality. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Nov. 294-301. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Norton R, Campbell AJ, Lee-Joe T. Circumstances of falls resulting in hip fractures among older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Sep. 45(9):1108-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Quinn SF, McCarthy JL. Prospective evaluation of patients with suspected hip fracture and indeterminate radiographs: use of T1-weighted MR images. Radiology. 1993 May. 187(2):469-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Recommendations Abstracted from the American Geriatrics Society Consensus Statement on Vitamin D for Prevention of Falls and Their Consequences. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Dec 18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Simon RR, Koenigsknecht SJ. Emergency Orthopedics: The Extremities. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing; 1995. 251-262.
Steele MT, Ellison SR. Trauma to the pelvis, hip and femur. Tintinalli JE, et al, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc; 2004. 1717-1726.
Van Balen R, Steyerberg EW, Polder JJ, et al. Hip fracture in elderly patients: outcomes for function, quality of life, and type of residence. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Sep. 232-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
van de Kerkhove MP, Antheunis PS, Luitse JS, Goslings JC. Hip fractures in nonagenarians: perioperative mortality and survival. Injury. 2008 Feb. 39(2):244-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zuckerman JD. Hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jun 6. 334(23):1519-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Horii M, Fujiwara H, Sakai R, et al. New quantitative ultrasound techniques for bone analysis at the distal radius in hip fracture cases: differences between femoral neck and trochanteric fractures. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2017 Jan-Apr. 14 (1):23-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
IOF Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Sep. 23 (9):2239-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].