Knee Fracture Management in the Emergency Department

1. Accousti WK, Willis RB. Tibial eminence fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2003 Jul. 34(3):365-75. [Medline].

2. Wiss DA, Watson JT, Johnson EE. Fractures of the knee. Fractures in Adults. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. 1919-2001.

3. Walker CW, Moore TE. Imaging of skeletal and soft tissue injuries in and around the knee. Radiol Clin North Am. 1997 May. 35(3):631-53. [Medline].

4. Lazaro LE, Wellman DS, Klinger CE, Dyke JP, Pardee NC, Sculco PK, et al. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of bone perfusion and arterial contributions in a patellar fracture model using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Oct 2. 95(19):e1401-7. [Medline].

5. Forman JM, Karia RJ, Davidovitch RI, Egol KA. Tibial Plateau Fractures with and without Meniscus Tear - Results of a Standardized Treatment Protocol. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2013. 71(2):144-51. [Medline].

6. Gaston P, Will EM, Keating JF. Recovery of knee function following fracture of the tibial plateau. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Sep. 87(9):1233-6. [Medline].

7. Bharam S, Vrahas MS, Fu FH. Knee fractures in the athlete. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002 Jul. 33(3):565-74. [Medline].

8. Kevin H. Latz, M.D. Patellar Fractures. www.posna.org. Available at https://posna.org/Physician-Education/Study-Guide/Patella-Fractures.

9. Petrie J, Sassoon A, Langford J. Complications of patellar fracture repair: treatment and results. J Knee Surg. 2013 Oct. 26 (5):309-12. [Medline].

10. Carter K, Nesper A, Gharahbaghian L, Perera P. Ultrasound Detection of Patellar Fracture and Evaluation of the Knee Extensor Mechanism in the Emergency Department. West J Emerg Med. 2016 Nov. 17 (6):814-816. [Medline].

11. Luo TD, Marino DV, Pilson H. Patella Fractures. 2020 Jan. [Medline]. [Full Text].

12. Vestermark GL, Odum SM, Springer BD. Early femoral condyle insufficiency fractures after total knee arthroplasty: treatment with delayed surgery and femoral component revision. Arthroplast Today. 2018 Jun. 4 (2):249-253. [Medline]. [Full Text].

13. Plett SK, Hackney LA, Heilmeier U, Nardo L, Yu A, Zhang CA, et al. Femoral condyle insufficiency fractures: associated clinical and morphological findings and impact on outcome. Skeletal Radiol. 2015 Aug 20. [Medline].

14. Zhang Q, Yang J, Zhao G, Zheng D, Zhou X, Xu N, et al. A new technique for arthroscopic reduction and fixation of displaced tibial intercondylar eminence fractures, using suture anchor and EndoButton system. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2017 Jan. 25 (1):2309499016685011. [Medline]. [Full Text].

15. Kushner RL, Massey P. Tibial Tubercle Avulsion. 2020 Jan. [Medline]. [Full Text].

16. Kfuri M, Schatzker J. Revisiting the Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures. Injury. 2018 Dec. 49 (12):2252-2263. [Medline]. [Full Text].

17. J. L. Marsh, Matthew D. Karam. Tibial Plateau Fractures. www.otaonline.org. Available at https://otaonline.org/book/952/chapter/53360394/tibial-plateau-fractures.

18. Sanal HT, Krestan C, Schurz M. Imaging Following Fractures of and Around the Knee. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2018 Sep. 22 (4):457-463. [Medline].

19. Gray SD, Kaplan PA, Dussault RG. Acute knee trauma: how many plain film views are necessary for the initial examination?. Skeletal Radiol. 1997 May. 26(5):298-302. [Medline].

20. Davis DS, Post WR. Segond fracture: lateral capsular ligament avulsion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997 Feb. 25(2):103-6. [Medline].

21. Hall FM, Hochman MG. Medial Segond-type fracture: cortical avulsion off the medial tibial plateau associated with tears of the posterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus. Skeletal Radiol. 1997 Sep. 26(9):553-5. [Medline].

22. Hardy JR, Chimutengwende-Gordon M, Bakar I. Rupture of the quadriceps tendon: an association with a patellar spur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Oct. 87(10):1361-3. [Medline].

23. Nichol G, Stiell IG, Wells GA. An economic analysis of the Ottawa knee rule. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Oct. 34(4 Pt 1):438-47. [Medline].

24. Stiell IG, Wells GA, Hoag RH. Implementation of the Ottawa Knee Rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA. 1997 Dec 17. 278(23):2075-9. [Medline].

25. Molenaars RJ, Mellema JJ, Doornberg JN, Kloen P. Tibial Plateau Fracture Characteristics: Computed Tomography Mapping of Lateral, Medial, and Bicondylar Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015 Sep 16. 97 (18):1512-20. [Medline].

26. Mustonen AO, Koskinen SK, Kiuru MJ. Acute knee trauma: analysis of multidetector computed tomography findings and comparison with conventional radiography. Acta Radiol. 2005 Dec. 46(8):866-74. [Medline].

27. Aponte EM, Novik JI. Identification of lipohemarthrosis with point-of-care emergency ultrasonography: case report and brief literature review. J Emerg Med. 2013 Feb. 44 (2):453-6. [Medline].

28. Newton EJ, Love J. Emergency department management of selected orthopedic injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 Aug. 25(3):763-93, ix-x. [Medline].

29. Roberts DM, Stallard TC. Emergency department evaluation and treatment of knee and leg injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2000 Feb. 18(1):67-84, v-vi. [Medline].

30. Lee TC, Huang HT, Lin YC, Chen CH, Cheng YM, Chen JC. Bicondylar tibial plateau fracture treated by open reduction and fixation with unilateral locked plating. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2013 Oct. 29(10):568-77. [Medline].

31. Arvanitakis AV, Mian KC, Kreienkamp R, Rhoades CE. Tibial Plateau Fracture Following Low Energy Fall in the Rocky Mountains. Kans J Med. 2019 Aug. 12 (3):91-93. [Medline]. [Full Text].

32. Konstantakos EK, Dalstrom DJ, Nelles ME, Laughlin RT, Prayson MJ. Diagnosis and management of extremity compartment syndromes: an orthopaedic perspective. Am Surg. 2007 Dec. 73(12):1199-209. [Medline].

33. Herman MJ, Martinek MA, Abzug JM. Complications of tibial eminence and diaphyseal fractures in children: prevention and treatment. Instr Course Lect. 2015. 64:471-82. [Medline].

34. Pandya NK, Edmonds EW, Roocroft JH, Mubarak SJ. Tibial tubercle fractures: complications, classification, and the need for intra-articular assessment. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Dec. 32 (8):749-59. [Medline].

35. Kilgore KP. The knee. Emergency Management of Skeletal Injuries. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 1995. 439-99.

36. Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD. Lower extremity fractures and dislocations. Handbook of Fractures. 2002. 210-234.

37. Sanders AK, Boggess BR, Koenig SJ. Medicolegal issues in sports medicine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005 Apr. 38-49. [Medline].

38. Mustonen AO, Koskinen SK, Kiuru MJ. Acute knee trauma: analysis of multidetector computed tomography findings and comparison with conventional radiography. Acta Radiol. 2005 Dec. 46(8):866-74. [Medline].

39. Thomas AL, Wilson RH, Thompson TL. Quadriceps avulsion through a bipartite patella. Orthopedics. 2007 Jun. 30(6):491-2. [Medline].

Mark Steele, MD Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chief Medical Officer, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine

Mark Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey G Norvell, MD, MBA, RDMS Associate Professor, Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center

Jeffrey G Norvell, MD, MBA, RDMS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Eric L Legome, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai St Lukes and Mount Sinai West; Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Eric L Legome, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, New York American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH Chief of Emergency Medicine, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System; Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine

Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michelle Ervin, MD Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Howard University Hospital

Michelle Ervin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, National Medical Association, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article