Sections

Rib Fracture

Medication

Medication Summary

Pain control remains the mainstay of treatment, usually with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory or oral narcotic agents.

Class Summary

These agents are used most commonly for the relief of mild to moderately severe pain. Effects of NSAIDs in the treatment of pain tend to be patient specific, yet ibuprofen is usually the first-line drug of choice for initial therapy. Other options include fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, indomethacin, and piroxicam.

Ibuprofen (Ibuprin, Advil, Motrin)

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First-line drug of choice for treatment of mild to moderately severe pain, if no contraindications. Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain, probably by decreasing activity of enzyme cyclooxygenase, which, in turn, decreases prostaglandin synthesis.

Ketoprofen (Oruvail, Orudis, Actron)

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For relief of mild to moderately severe pain and inflammation.

Administer small dosages initially to patients with lower body weights, older persons, and those with renal or liver disease. Doses higher than 75 mg do not increase therapeutic effects. Administer high doses with caution and observe closely.

Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)

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Used for relief of mild to moderately severe pain. Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing activity of enzyme cyclooxygenase, which decreases prostaglandin synthesis.

Class Summary

Pain control is essential to quality patient care. It ensures patient comfort, promotes pulmonary toilet, and aids physical therapy regimens. Many analgesics have sedating properties that benefit patients who have sustained fractures.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Panadol, Paracetamol)

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DOC for pain in patients with documented hypersensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs, with upper GI disease, or who are taking oral anticoagulants.

Effective in relieving mild to moderate acute pain; however, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory effects. May be preferred in elderly patients because of fewer GI and renal side effects.

Acetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol #2, Tylenol #3, Tylenol #4)

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Combines analgesic effects of a centrally acting opium-derived alkaloid (codeine) and a peripherally acting nonopioid analgesic (acetaminophen). Indicated for treatment of mild to moderate pain.

Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin)

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Drug combination indicated for relief of moderately severe to severe pain.

Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet)

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Drug combination indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain. DOC for aspirin-hypersensitive patients.

Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan)

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Drug combination indicated for relief of moderately severe to severe pain.

Hydrocodone and ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)

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Drug combination indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain.

Morphine

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Used to achieve a desired anxiolytic and analgesic effect because easily titrated to desired level of pain control or sedation. Reversed by naloxone.

Questions

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Media Gallery

Aortic injury is closely associated with a widening of greater than 8 cm measured at the widest points of the mediastinum on an upright anteroposterior chest radiograph.
Anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of an elderly female patient with severe left chest wall pain after a minor fall. This image demonstrates a left lateral rib fracture (arrow) that is not seen on the standard AP chest radiograph.
Axial computed tomography image of the chest in a patient with both anterior and posterior thoracic injuries. A fracture of the sternum (white arrow) and a posterior left rib fracture (yellow arrow) are present.
Right rib radiograph in a 48-year-old male who presented with severe right posterior chest wall pain following a fall. This image demonstrates 2 fractures of the right chest wall (white arrows).

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Author

Sarah L Melendez, MD Fellow in Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children

Sarah L Melendez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Christopher I Doty, MD, MAAEM, FAAEM, FACEP Tenured Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Vice Chair of Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center

Christopher I Doty, MD, MAAEM, FAAEM, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Eric L Legome, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai St Lukes and Mount Sinai West; Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Eric L Legome, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, New York American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH Chief of Emergency Medicine, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System; Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine

Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Michelle Ervin, MD Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Howard University Hospital

Michelle Ervin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, National Medical Association, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Laurie K Mahoney, MD, FAAEM Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn

Laurie K Mahoney, MD, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, and American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Rib Fracture Medication

Medication Summary

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Class Summary

Ibuprofen (Ibuprin, Advil, Motrin)

Ibuprofen (Ibuprin, Advil, Motrin)

Ketoprofen (Oruvail, Orudis, Actron)

Ketoprofen (Oruvail, Orudis, Actron)

Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)

Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)

Analgesics

Class Summary

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Panadol, Paracetamol)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Panadol, Paracetamol)

Acetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol #2, Tylenol #3, Tylenol #4)

Acetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol #2, Tylenol #3, Tylenol #4)

Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin)

Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin)

Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet)

Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet)

Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan)

Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan)

Hydrocodone and ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)

Hydrocodone and ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)

Morphine

Morphine

Rib Fracture Medication

Medication Summary

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Class Summary

Ibuprofen (Ibuprin, Advil, Motrin)

Ketoprofen (Oruvail, Orudis, Actron)

Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)

Analgesics

Class Summary

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Panadol, Paracetamol)

Acetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol #2, Tylenol #3, Tylenol #4)

Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin)

Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet)

Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan)

Hydrocodone and ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)

Morphine

References

Tables

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