Medication Summary

The goals of pharmacotherapy are to eradicate the infection, prevent complications, and reduce morbidity.

Class Summary

Empiric antimicrobial therapy must be comprehensive and should cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting.

Ceftazidime (Ceptaz, Fortaz, Tazicef, Tazidime)

View full drug information

Third-generation cephalosporin with broad-spectrum, gram-negative activity, including pseudomonas; lower efficacy against gram-positive organisms; higher efficacy against resistant organisms. Arrests bacterial growth by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins, which, in turn, inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall synthesis, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. The condition of the patient, severity of the infection, and susceptibility of the microorganism should determine the proper dose and route of administration.

Follow-up

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Media Gallery

Fibrosis and ossification of the scala tympani are shown. F, fibrosis; O, osteoneogensis (hematoxylin and eosin stain).
Stages of ossification are shown. This histological specimen was obtained 3 months after induction of labyrinthitis. F, fibrosis; O, osteoid; C, calcospherite deposition (calcification); B, normal endochondral bone. (hematoxylin and eosin stain)
Ossification of the scala tympani is shown.
Labyrinthitis ossificans is depicted with right cochlea enhancement.
Labyrinthitis ossificans is shown on axial CT scan.
Labyrinthitis ossificans associated with meningitis is shown.

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Author

Andrea H Yeung, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco

Andrea H Yeung, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Hilary A Brodie, MD, PhD Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center

Hilary A Brodie, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Association for Research in Otolaryngology, American Neurotology Society, American Medical Association, American Otological Society, Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Peter S Roland, MD Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Director, Clinical Center for Auditory, Vestibular, and Facial Nerve Disorders, Chief of Pediatric Otology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Chief of Pediatric Otology, Children’s Medical Center of Dallas; President of Medical Staff, Parkland Memorial Hospital; Adjunct Professor of Communicative Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Chief of Medical Service, Callier Center for Communicative Disorders, University of Texas School of Human Development

Peter S Roland, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Auditory Society, American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, North American Skull Base Society, Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons, The Triological Society

Disclosure: Received honoraria from Alcon Labs for consulting; Received honoraria from Advanced Bionics for board membership; Received honoraria from Cochlear Corp for board membership; Received travel grants from Med El Corp for consulting.

Chief Editor

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA Professor of Otolaryngology, Dentistry, and Engineering, University of Colorado School of Medicine

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Head and Neck Society

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Cerescan; Ryte; Neosoma; MI10<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Neosoma; Cyberionix (CYBX)<br/>Received ownership interest from Cerescan for consulting for: Neosoma, MI10.

Additional Contributors

Jack A Shohet, MD President, Shohet Ear Associates Medical Group, Inc; Clinical Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine

Jack A Shohet, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Neurotology Society, California Medical Association

Disclosure: Medical Advisory Board Member, consultant for: Envoy Medical.