Metatarsal Stress Fracture Questions & Answers

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5. Finestone A, Milgrom C, Wolf O, Petrov K, Evans R, Moran D. Epidemiology of metatarsal stress fractures versus tibial and femoral stress fractures during elite training. Foot Ankle Int. 2011 Jan. 32(1):16-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Balius R, Pedret C, Estruch A, Hernández G, Ruiz-Cotorro A, Mota J. Stress fractures of the metacarpal bones in adolescent tennis players: a case series. Am J Sports Med. 2010 Jun. 38(6):1215-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Waterman BR, Gun B, Bader JO, Orr JD, Belmont PJ Jr. Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in the United States Military. Mil Med. 2016 Oct. 181 (10):1308-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Hetsroni I, Nyska M, Ben-Sira D, Mann G, Segal O, Maoz G, et al. Analysis of foot structure in athletes sustaining proximal fifth metatarsal stress fracture. Foot Ankle Int. 2010 Mar. 31(3):203-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Polzer H, Polzer S, Mutschler W, Prall WC. Acute fractures to the proximal fifth metatarsal bone: development of classification and treatment recommendations based on the current evidence. Injury. 2012 Oct. 43(10):1626-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Queen RM, Mall NA, Nunley JA, Chuckpaiwong B. Differences in plantar loading between flat and normal feet during different athletic tasks. Gait Posture. 2009 Jun. 29(4):582-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Karnovsky SC, Rosenbaum AJ, DeSandis B, Johnson C, Murphy CI, Warren RF, et al. Radiographic Analysis of National Football League Players' Fifth Metatarsal Morphology Relationship to Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fracture Risk. Foot Ankle Int. 2018 Nov 7. 1071100718809357. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Fujitaka K, Taniguchi A, Isomoto S, Kumai T, Otuki S, Okubo M, et al. Pathogenesis of Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in College Soccer Players. Orthop J Sports Med. 2015 Sep. 3 (9):2325967115603654. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Reeder MT, Dick BH, Atkins JK, Pribis AB, Martinez JM. Stress fractures. Current concepts of diagnosis and treatment. Sports Med. 1996 Sep. 22(3):198-212. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Brukner P, Bennell K. Stress fractures in female athletes. Diagnosis, management and rehabilitation. Sports Med. 1997 Dec. 24(6):419-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Sallis RE, Jones K. Stress fractures in athletes. How to spot this underdiagnosed injury. Postgrad Med. 1991 May 1. 89(6):185-8, 191-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Matheson GO, Clement DB, McKenzie DC, et al. Stress fractures in athletes. A study of 320 cases. Am J Sports Med. 1987 Jan-Feb. 15(1):46-58. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Monteleone GP Jr. Stress fractures in the athlete. Orthop Clin North Am. 1995 Jul. 26(3):423-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Deutsch AL, Coel MN, Mink JH. Imaging of stress injuries to bone. Radiography, scintigraphy, and MR imaging. Clin Sports Med. 1997 Apr. 16(2):275-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Kiuru MJ, Pihlajamaki HK, Hietanen HJ, Ahovuo JA. MR imaging, bone scintigraphy, and radiography in bone stress injuries of the pelvis and the lower extremity. Acta Radiol. 2002 Mar. 43(2):207-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Spitz DJ, Newberg AH. Imaging of stress fractures in the athlete. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002 Mar. 40(2):313-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Banal F, Gandjbakhch F, Foltz V, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in early diagnosis of metatarsal bone stress fractures: a pilot study of 37 patients. J Rheumatol. 2009 Jun 30. epub ahead of print. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Weinfeld SB, Haddad SL, Myerson MS. Metatarsal stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 1997 Apr. 16(2):319-38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Tsukada S, Ikeda H, Seki Y, Shimaya M, Hoshino A, Niga S. Intramedullary screw fixation with bone autografting to treat proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fracture in athletes: a case series. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2012 Jul 20. 4(1):25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Albisetti W, Perugia D, De Bartolomeo O, et al. Stress fractures of the base of the metatarsal bones in young trainee ballet dancers. Int Orthop. 2009 May 5. epub ahead of print. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Smith JT, Halim K, Palms DA, Okike K, Bluman EM, Chiodo CP. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with foot and ankle injuries. Foot Ankle Int. 2014 Jan. 35(1):8-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Bennell KL, Brukner PD. Epidemiology and site specificity of stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 1997 Apr. 16(2):179-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Brukner P, Bradshaw C, Bennell K. Managing common stress fractures: let risk level guide management. Phys Sports Med. 1998. 26(8):39-47.

28. Burr DB. Bone, exercise, and stress fractures. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1997. 25:171-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Chen RC, Shia DS, Kamath GV, Thomas AB, Wright RW. Troublesome stress fractures of the foot and ankle. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2006 Dec. 14(4):246-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Chuckpaiwong B, Cook C, Pietrobon R, Nunley JA. Second metatarsal stress fracture in sport: comparative risk factors between proximal and non-proximal locations. Br J Sports Med. 2007 Aug. 41(8):510-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Coady CM, Micheli LJ. Stress fractures in the pediatric athlete. Clin Sports Med. 1997 Apr. 16(2):225-38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Fredericson M, Jennings F, Beaulieu C, Matheson GO. Stress fractures in athletes. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Oct. 17(5):309-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Guettler JH, Ruskan GJ, Bytomski JR, et al. Fifth metatarsal stress fractures in elite basketball players: evaluation of forces acting on the fifth metatarsal. Am J Orthop. 2006 Nov. 35(11):532-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Heaslet MW, Kanda-Mehtani SL. Return-to-activity levels in 96 athletes with stress fractures of the foot, ankle, and leg: a retrospective analysis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2007 Jan-Feb. 97(1):81-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Knapp TP, Garrett WE Jr. Stress fractures: general concepts. Clin Sports Med. 1997 Apr. 16(2):339-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Nagel A, Fernholz F, Kibele C, Rosenbaum D. Long distance running increases plantar pressures beneath the metatarsal heads: a barefoot walking investigation of 200 marathon runners. Gait Posture. 2007 Feb 2. epub ahead of print. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Queen RM, Crowder TT, Johnson H, Ozumba D, Toth AP. Treatment of metatarsal stress fractures: case reports. Foot Ankle Int. 2007 Apr. 28(4):506-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Quill GE Jr. Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal. Orthop Clin North Am. 1995 Apr. 26(2):353-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Sammarco GJ. The Jones fracture. Instr Course Lect. 1993. 42:201-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Torg JS, Balduini FC, Zelko RR, Pavlov H, Peff TC, Das M. Fractures of the base of the fifth metatarsal distal to the tuberosity. Classification and guidelines for non-surgical and surgical management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Feb. 66(2):209-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

41. Ferguson KB, McGlynn J, Jenkins P, Madeley NJ, Kumar CS, Rymaszewski L. Fifth metatarsal fractures - Is routine follow-up necessary?. Injury. 2015 Aug. 46 (8):1664-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Weel H, Mallee WH, van Dijk CN, Blankevoort L, Goedegebuure S, Goslings JC, et al. The effect of concentrated bone marrow aspirate in operative treatment of fifth metatarsal stress fractures; a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015 Aug 20. 16:211. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Valerie E Cothran, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Team Physician, University of Maryland at College Park

Valerie E Cothran, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Russell D White, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Truman Medical Center-Lakewood

Russell D White, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Sports Medicine, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Craig C Young, MD Professor, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Community and Family Medicine, Medical Director of Sports Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin

Craig C Young, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Anthony J Saglimbeni, MD President, South Bay Sports and Preventive Medicine Associates; Private Practice; Team Internist, San Francisco Giants; Team Internist, West Valley College; Team Physician, Bellarmine College Prep; Team Physician, Presentation High School; Team Physician, Santa Clara University; Consultant, University of San Francisco, Academy of Art University, Skyline College, Foothill College, De Anza College

Anthony J Saglimbeni, MD is a member of the following medical societies: California Medical Association, Santa Clara County Medical Association, Monterey County Medical Society

Disclosure: Received ownership interest from South Bay Sports and Preventive Medicine Associates, Inc for board membership.

Andrew D Perron, MD Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center

Andrew D Perron, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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