Overview
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
How is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea diagnosed?
What are the treatment options for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the history of surgical repair for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What causes spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks?
What causes traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What causes iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What causes tumor-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What causes congenital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the pathophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
Which physical findings are characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What are indications for surgical repair in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the relevant anatomy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What are contraindications to surgical repair in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
Workup
What is the role of beta2-transferrin testing in the workup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the role of CT scanning in the workup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the role of CT cisternography in the workup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the role of MRI in the workup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the role of scintiphotography in the workup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
Which diagnostic procedures are performed in the workup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
Treatment
What is the role of antibiotics in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the role of diuretics in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What are the surgical options for repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in CSF rhinorrhea?
What is the role of intracranial repair in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
How is external ethmoidectomy performed in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
How is the transantral approach performed in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the role of endoscopy in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the efficacy of endoscopy for the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
Which endoscopic approaches are used in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is included in the preoperative care of patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
How are CSF leaks surgically repaired in the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
How is the type of graft selected for the endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the procedure for placing grafts in the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What are alternatives to mucosal graft in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What are complications of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea?
What is the prognosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea following treatment?
Which treatments of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea generate controversy?
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An axial CT of a patient with a spontaneous CSF leak reveals a defect in the posterior table of the left frontal sinus.
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After intrathecal fluorescein is administered, an exposed frontal recess encephalocele is seen.
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A defect in the skull base is measured with a sterile ruler.
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A small cribriform plate encephalocele is observed only after removing the middle turbinate.
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Septal bone is used as an underlay graft in the repair of this skull base defect in a patient with a spontaneous leak and encephalocele. (Defect measured approximately 7mm.)
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Triplanar images help to identify and conceptualize the location of this lateral recess encephalocele.
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This image represents an endoscopic view with a 70-degree telescope through the left frontal recess. A large defect is noted, and the meningocele has been resected. Repair of the leak can be performed with an underlay fascia graft and an anterior-based pedicled mucosa flap.
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Triplanar images of a patient with a left lateral recess meningoencephalocele. The probe indicates that access to the defect is performed through the maxillary sinus and pterygopalatine fossa.