Nasopharyngeal Stenosis Workup

1. Patel VA, Carr MM. Congenital nasal obstruction in infants: A retrospective study and literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Aug. 99:78-84. [Medline].

2. Sidell D, Chhetri DK. CO2 laser ablation and balloon dilation for acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis: a novel technique. Laryngoscope. 2011 Jul. 121(7):1486-9. [Medline].

3. Shepard PM, Houser SM. Choanal stenosis: an unusual late complication of radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Rhinol. 2005 Jan-Feb. 19(1):105-8. [Medline].

4. Jones LM, Guillory VL, Mair EA. Total nasopharyngeal stenosis: treatment with laser excision, nasopharyngeal obturators, and topical mitomycin-c. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Nov. 133(5):795-8. [Medline].

5. Madgy DN, Belenky W, Dunkley B, Shinhar S. A simple surgical technique using the plasma hook for correcting acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis. Laryngoscope. 2005 Feb. 115(2):370-2. [Medline].

6. Imperatori CJ. Atresia of the pharynx operated upon by the MacKenty method. Arch Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1944. 53:329-34.

7. Bonfils P, de Preobrajenski N, Florent A, Bensimon JL. [Choanal stenosis: a rare complication of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. Cancer Radiother. 2007 May. 11(3):143-5. [Medline].

8. Ku PK, Tong MC, Tsang SS, van Hasselt A. Acquired posterior choanal stenosis and atresia: management of this unusual complication after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 2001 Jul-Aug. 22(4):225-9. [Medline].

9. Ku PK, Tong MC, van Hasselt A. Application of holmium yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser in treatment of acquired posterior choanal atresia following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol. 2007 Feb. 121(2):138-42. [Medline].

10. Wang QY, Wang SQ, Lin S, Chen HH, Lu YY. Transnasal endoscopic repair of acquired posterior choanal stenosis and atresia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2008 Jun 20. 121(12):1101-4. [Medline].

11. Kouga T, Tanoue K, Matsui K. Airway statuses and nasopharyngeal airway use for airway obstruction in syndromic craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2014 May. 25 (3):762-5. [Medline].

12. Krespi YP, Kacker A. Management of nasopharyngeal stenosis after uvulopalatoplasty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Dec. 123(6):692-5. [Medline].

13. Wang QY, Chai L, Wang SQ, Zhou SH, Lu YY. Repair of acquired posterior choanal stenosis and atresia by temperature-controlled radio frequency with the aid of an endoscope. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 May. 135(5):462-6. [Medline].

14. McLaughlin KE, Jacobs IN, Todd NW, Gussack GS, Carlson G. Management of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal stenosis in children. Laryngoscope. 1997 Oct. 107(10):1322-31. [Medline].

15. Brown OE, Pownell P, Manning SC. Choanal atresia: a new anatomic classification and clinical management applications. Laryngoscope. 1996 Jan. 106(1 Pt 1):97-101. [Medline].

16. Morgan DW, Bailey CM. Current management of choanal atresia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1990 Mar. 19(1):1-13. [Medline].

17. Hussein J, Tan TS, Chong AW, Narayanan P, Omar R. Velopharyngeal and choanal stenosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013 Jun. 40(3):323-6. [Medline].

18. Igwe CN, Sharma R, Roberts D, Hopkins C. Use of balloon dilatation as an adjunctive treatment for complete nasopharyngeal stenosis: a technical innovation. Clin Otolaryngol. 2012 Feb. 37(1):88-9. [Medline].

19. Chheda NN, Postma GN. Balloon dilation of an acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Jun. 140(6):939-41. [Medline].

20. Karakoc O, Polat B, Akcam MT, Gerek M. Endoscopy-assisted coblation for nasopharyngeal stenosis: a report of 2 cases. Ear Nose Throat J. 2017 Sep. 96 (9):E15-7. [Medline].

21. Toh E, Pearl AW, Genden EM, Lawson W, Urken ML. Bivalved palatal transposition flaps for the correction of acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis. Am J Rhinol. 2000 May-Jun. 14(3):199-204. [Medline].

22. Cotton RT. Nasopharyngeal stenosis. Arch Otolaryngol. 1985 Mar. 111(3):146-8. [Medline].

23. Smith ME. Prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2005. Vol. 16, Issue 4:242-247.

24. Nangole FW, Khainga SO. FAMM Flap in Reconstructing Postsurgical Nasopharyngeal Airway Stenosis. Plast Surg Int. 2014. 2014:276058. [Medline].

25. Eppley BL, Sadove AM, Hennon D, van Aalst JA. Treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis by prosthetic hollow stents: Clinical experience in eight patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2006 May. 43(3):374-8. [Medline].

26. Abdel-Fattah G. Palatal eversion: A new technique in treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012 Mar 21. [Medline].

27. Abdel-Fattah G. Palatal eversion for the treatment of combined nasopharyngeal stenosis and tonsillar pillars adhesion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Nov. 90:227-230. [Medline].

28. Giannoni C, Sulek M, Friedman EM, Duncan NO 3rd. Acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis: a warning and review. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998 Feb. 124(2):163-7. [Medline].

29. Stepnick DW. Management of total nasopharyngeal stenosis following UPPP. Ear Nose Throat J. 1993 Jan. 72(1):86-90. [Medline].

30. Johnson LB, Elluru RG, Myer CM 3rd. Complications of adenotonsillectomy. Laryngoscope. 2002 Aug. 112(8 Pt 2 Suppl 100):35-6. [Medline].

Gauri Mankekar, MBBS, PhD, MS, DNB Otorhinolaryngologist

Gauri Mankekar, MBBS, PhD, MS, DNB is a member of the following medical societies: Association of Medical Consultants of Mumbai, Association of Otolaryngologists of India, Cochlear Implant Group of India

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA Professor of Otolaryngology, Dentistry, and Engineering, University of Colorado School of Medicine

Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Head and Neck Society

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Cerescan;RxRevu;Cliexa;The Physicians Edge;Sync-n-Scale;mCharts<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: The Physicians Edge, Cliexa<br/> Received stock from RxRevu; Received ownership interest from Cerescan for consulting; .

Lanny Garth Close, MD Chair, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

Lanny Garth Close, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Head and Neck Society, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Physicians, American Laryngological Association, New York Academy of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Simione Lew-Gor, MBChB, MRCS(Ed), DLO, to the development and writing of this article.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article