Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Questions & Answers

1. [Guideline] Bonilla FA, Bernstein IL, Khan DA, et al. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 May. 94(5 Suppl 1):S1-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Hanna S, Etzioni A. Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Feb. 1250(1):50-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Cagdas D, Yilmaz M, Kandemir N, Tezcan I, Etzioni A, Sanal O. A Novel Mutation in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II/CDGIIc. J Clin Immunol. 2014 Nov. 34(8):1009-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Anderson DC, Schmalsteig FC, Finegold MJ, et al. The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. J Infect Dis. 1985 Oct. 152(4):668-89. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Helmus Y, Denecke J, Yakubenia S, et al. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II patients with a dual defect of the GDP-fucose transporter. Blood. 2006 Feb 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Alon R, Etzioni A. LAD-III, a novel group of leukocyte integrin activation deficiencies. Trends Immunol. 2003 Oct. 24(10):561-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Kinashi T, Aker M, Sokolovsky-Eisenberg M, et al. LAD-III, a leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome associated with defective Rap1 activation and impaired stabilization of integrin bonds. Blood. 2004 Feb 1. 103(3):1033-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. McDowall A, Svensson L, Stanley P, Patzak I, Chakravarty P, Howarth K, et al. Two mutations in the KINDLIN3 gene of a new leukocyte adhesion deficiency III patient reveal distinct effects on leukocyte function in vitro. Blood. 2010 Jun 10. 115(23):4834-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Lorusso F, Kong D, Jalil AK, et al. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I. Fertil Steril. 2006 Feb. 85(2):494.e15-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Elhasid R, Rowe JM. Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Neutrophil Disorders: Severe Congenital Neutropenia, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009 May 19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Stepensky PY, Wolach B, Gavrieli R, Rousso S, Ben Ami T, Goldman V, et al. Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type III: Clinical Features and Treatment With Stem Cell Transplantation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014 Jul 28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Moutsopoulos NM, Konkel J, Sarmadi M, Eskan MA, Wild T, Dutzan N, et al. Defective neutrophil recruitment in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I disease causes local IL-17-driven inflammatory bone loss. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Mar 26. 6(229):229ra40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

13. Alon R, Aker M, Feigelson S, et al. A novel genetic leukocyte adhesion deficiency in subsecond triggering of integrin avidity by endothelial chemokines results in impaired leukocyte arrest on vascular endothelium under shear flow. Blood. 2003 Jun 1. 101(11):4437-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. Bauer TR Jr, Hickstein DD. Gene therapy for leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2000 Aug. 2(4):383-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Bauer TR, Gu YC, Tuschong LM, et al. Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation corrects the disease phenotype in the canine model of leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Exp Hematol. 2005 Jun. 33(6):706-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Bunting M, Harris ES, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes: adhesion and tethering defects involving beta 2 integrins and selectin ligands. Curr Opin Hematol. 2002 Jan. 9(1):30-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. DeLisser HM, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Sun J, et al. Loss of endothelial surface expression of E-selectin in a patient with recurrent infections. Blood. 1999 Aug 1. 94(3):884-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Eklund EA, Freeze HH. The congenital disorders of glycosylation: a multifaceted group of syndromes. NeuroRx. 2006 Apr. 3(2):254-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Etzioni A. Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies: molecular basis, clinical findings, and therapeutic options. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007. 601:51-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Etzioni A, Doerschuk CM, Harlan JM. Of man and mouse: leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecule deficiencies. Blood. 1999 Nov 15. 94(10):3281-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

21. Etzioni A, Frydman M, Pollack S, et al. Brief report: recurrent severe infections caused by a novel leukocyte adhesion deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 17. 327(25):1789-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Etzioni A, Harlan JM. Cell adhesion and leukocyte adhesion defects. Ochs HD, Puck JM, Smith CI, eds. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: A Molecular and Genetic Approach. Oxford University Press Inc; 1998. 375-88.

23. Etzioni A, Sturla L, Antonellis A, et al. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type II/carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein (CDG) IIc founder effect and genotype/phenotype correlation. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Jun 15. 110(2):131-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Etzioni A, Tonetti M. Fucose supplementation in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II. Blood. 2000 Jun 1. 95(11):3641-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Farinha NJ, Duval M, Wagner E, et al. Unrelated bone marrow transplantation for leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002 Dec. 30(12):979-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Fiorini M, Vermi W, Facchetti F, et al. Defective migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in LAD-1 immunodeficiency. J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Oct. 72(4):650-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Gu YC, Bauer TR Jr, Ackermann MR, et al. The genetic immunodeficiency disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, in humans, dogs, cattle, and mice. Comp Med. 2004 Aug. 54(4):363-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Harris ES, Shigeoka AO, Li W, et al. A novel syndrome of variant leukocyte adhesion deficiency involving defects in adhesion mediated by beta1 and beta2 integrins. Blood. 2001 Feb 1. 97(3):767-76. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

29. Hidalgo A, Ma S, Peired AJ, Weiss LA, et al. Insights into leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 from a novel mutation in the GDP-fucose transporter gene. Blood. 2003 Mar 1. 101(5):1705-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. Hixson P, Smith CW, Shurin SB, Tosi MF. Unique CD18 mutations involving a deletion in the extracellular stalk region and a major truncation of the cytoplasmic domain in a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1. Blood. 2004 Feb 1. 103(3):1105-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Hogg N, Stewart MP, Scarth SL, et al. A novel leukocyte adhesion deficiency caused by expressed but nonfunctional beta2 integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1. J Clin Invest. 1999 Jan. 103(1):97-106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Kurkchubasche AG, Panepinto JA, Tracy TF Jr, et al. Clinical features of a human Rac2 mutation: a complex neutrophil dysfunction disease. J Pediatr. 2001 Jul. 139(1):141-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Luhn K, Wild MK, Eckhardt M, Gerardy-Schahn R, Vestweber D. The gene defective in leukocyte adhesion deficiency II encodes a putative GDP-fucose transporter. Nat Genet. 2001 May. 28(1):69-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Malawista SE, de Boisfleury Chevance A, et al. Chemotaxis of non-compressed blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes from an adolescent with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Am J Hematol. 2003 Jun. 73(2):115-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Mancias C, Infante AJ, Kamani NR. Matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999 Dec. 24(11):1261-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Marquardt T, Brune T, Luhn K, et al. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II syndrome, a generalized defect in fucose metabolism. J Pediatr. 1999 Jun. 134(6):681-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Marquardt T, Luhn K, Srikrishna G, et al. Correction of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II with oral fucose. Blood. 1999 Dec 15. 94(12):3976-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. McDowall A, Inwald D, Leitinger B, et al. A novel form of integrin dysfunction involving beta1, beta2, and beta3 integrins. J Clin Invest. 2003 Jan. 111(1):51-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

39. Pasvolsky R, Feigelson SW, Kilic SS, et al. A LAD-III syndrome is associated with defective expression of the Rap-1 activator CalDAG-GEFI in lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets. J Exp Med. 2007 Jul 9. 204(7):1571-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Roos D, Meischl C, de Boer M, et al. Genetic analysis of patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency: genomic sequencing reveals otherwise undetectable mutations. Exp Hematol. 2002 Mar. 30(3):252-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Shaw JM, Al-Shamkhani A, Boxer LA, et al. Characterization of four CD18 mutants in leucocyte adhesion deficient (LAD) patients with differential capacities to support expression and function of the CD11/CD18 integrins LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95. Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 Nov. 126(2):311-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Sturla L, Fruscione F, Noda K, et al. Core fucosylation of N-linked glycans in leukocyte adhesion deficiency/congenital disorder of glycosylation IIc fibroblasts. Glycobiology. 2005 Oct. 15(10):924-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Sturla L, Rampal R, Haltiwanger RS, et al. Differential terminal fucosylation of N-linked glycans versus protein O-fucosylation in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II (CDG IIc). J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 18. 278(29):26727-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

44. Uzel G, Kleiner DE, Kuhns DB, Holland SM. Dysfunctional LAD-1 neutrophils and colitis. Gastroenterology. 2001 Oct. 121(4):958-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Uzel G, Tng E, Rosenzweig SD, Hsu AP, Shaw JM, Horwitz ME. Reversion mutations in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I). Blood. 2007 Sep 17. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Wild MK, Luhn K, Marquardt T, Vestweber D. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II: therapy and genetic defect. Cells Tissues Organs. 2002. 172(3):161-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Stephen J Nervi, MD Staff Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School

Stephen J Nervi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH Professor and Head of Dermatology, Professor of Pathology, Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, New York Academy of Medicine, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Monika I Sidor, MD Resident Physician, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor Medical School

Monika I Sidor, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David J Valacer, MD, MS Chief Medical Officer, Regor Therapeutics Group

David J Valacer, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American Thoracic Society, Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, New York Academy of Sciences, New York Allergy & Asthma Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Harumi Jyonouchi, MD Faculty, Division of Allergy/Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital

Harumi Jyonouchi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Medical Association, Clinical Immunology Society, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Society for Pediatric Research, Society for Mucosal Immunology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Terry W Chin, MD, PhD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine; Associate Director, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Attending Staff Physician, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Memorial Miller Children's Hospital

Terry W Chin, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American College of Chest Physicians, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Thoracic Society, California Society of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, California Thoracic Society, Clinical Immunology Society, Los Angeles Pediatric Society, Western Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article