Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy Follow-up

1. Moschese V, Cavaliere FM, Graziani S, Bilotta C, Milito C, Chini L, et al. Decreased IgM, IgA, and IgG response to pneumococcal vaccine in children with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb. 137 (2):617-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

2. Kutukculer N, Azarsiz E, Karaca NE, Aksu G, Berdeli A. Fcγ receptor polymorphisms in patients with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy presenting with mild and severe infections. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2015 Dec. 33 (4):312-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

3. Dorsey MJ, Orange JS. Impaired specific antibody response and increased B-cell population in transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Nov. 97(5):590-5. [Medline].

4. Siegel RL, Issekutz T, Schwaber J, et al. Deficiency of T helper cells in transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. N Engl J Med. 1981 Nov 26. 305(22):1307-13. [Medline].

5. Dalal I, Reid B, Nisbet-Brown E, Roifman CM. The outcome of patients with hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy and early childhood. J Pediatr. 1998 Jul. 133(1):144-6. [Medline].

6. Cano F, Mayo DR, Ballow M. Absent specific viral antibodies in patients with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990 Feb. 85(2):510-3. [Medline].

7. Kowalczyk D, Mytar B, Zembala M. Cytokine production in transient hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated IgA deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Oct. 100(4):556-62. [Medline].

8. Artac H, Kara R, Gokturk B, Reisli I. Reduced CD19 expression and decreased memory B cell numbers in transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Clin Exp Med. July 2013. 13(4):257-263. [Medline].

9. Dalal I, Roifman CM. Hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2001. 21:129-39.

10. Tiller TL, Buckley RH. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy: review of the literature, clinical and immunologic features of 11 new cases, and long-term follow-up. J Pediatr. 1978 Mar. 92(3):347-53. [Medline].

11. Walker AM, Kemp AS, Hill DJ, Shelton MJ. Features of transient hypogammaglobulinaemia in infants screened for immunological abnormalities. Arch Dis Child. 1994 Mar. 70(3):183-6. [Medline].

12. Dressler F, Peter HH, Muller W, Rieger CH. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy: Five new cases, review of the literature and redefinition. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1989 Sep. 78(5):767-74. [Medline].

13. Hayakawa H, Iwata T, Yata J, Kobayashi N. Primary immunodeficiency syndrome in Japan. I. Overview of a nationwide survey on primary immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Immunol. 1981 Jan. 1(1):31-9. [Medline].

14. Wolpert J, Knutsen AP. Natural history of selective antibody deficiency to bacterial polysaccharide antigens in children. Pediatr Asthma, Allergy, Immunol. 1998. 12:183-191.

15. Whelan MA, Hwan WH, Beausoleil J, et al. Infants presenting with recurrent infections and low immunoglobulins: characteristics and analysis of normalization. J Clin Immunol. 2006 Jan. 26(1):7-11. [Medline].

16. Ji-hong Q, Jian-xing Z, Xiao-dong Z, Tong-xin C. Clinical features and follow-up of Chinese patients with symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy. Chin Med J. 2009. 122:1877-1883. [Medline].

17. McGeady SJ. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. KE Sullivan, ER Stiehm. Stiehms Immune Deficiencies. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2014. 417-426.

18. Moschese V, Graziani L, Avanzini MA, Carsetti R, Marconi M, La Rocca M, et al. A prospective study on children with initial diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy: results from the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network. Inter J Immunopath Pharmacol. April-June2008. 21:343-352. [Medline].

19. Kowalczyk D, Baran J, Webster AD, Zembala M. Intracellular cytokine production by Th1/Th2 lymphocytes and monocytes of children with symptomatic transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy (THI) and selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD). Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Mar. 127(3):507-12. [Medline].

20. Rutkowska M, Lenart M, Bukowska-Strakovà K, Szaflarska A, Pituch-Noworolska A, Kobylarz K, et al. The number of circulating CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+ T lymphocytes is transiently elevated in the early childhood of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy patients. Clin Immunol. April 2011. 140(3):307-310. [Full Text].

21. Kowalcyk D, Macura-Biegun A, Zenbala M. The expression of CD40 on monocytes of children with primary immunodeficiencies. Pediatr Res. 2006 June. 59(6):817-819. [Medline].

22. Bukowska-Strakova, Kowalczyk D, Baran J, Siedlar M, Kobylarz K, Zembala M. The B-cell compartment in the peripheral blood of children with different types of primary immunodeficiency. Pediatr Res. 2009. 66:28-34. [Medline].

23. Moschese V, Carsetti R, Graziani L, Chini L, Soresina AR, La Rocca M, et al. Memory B-cell subsets as a predictive marker outcome in hypogammaglobulinemia during infancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. August 2007. 120:474-476. [Medline].

24. Karaca NE, Aksu G, Gulez N, Yildiz B, Azarsiz E, Kutukculer N. New laboratory findings in Turkish patients with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 December. 9(4):237-243. [Medline].

25. Van Winkle RC, Hauck WW, McGeady SJ. Phenotypic parameters predict time to normalization in infants with hypogallaglobulinemia. J Clin Immunol. September 2013. 33:1336-1340. [Medline].

26. Kuijpers TW, Bende RJ, Baars PA, Grummels A, Derks IA, Dolman KM, et al. CD20 deficiency in humans results in impaired T cell-independent antibody responses. J Clin Invest. December 2010. 120:214-222. [Medline].

27. van Zelm MC, Smet J, Adams B, Mascart F, Schandené L, Janssen F, et al. CD81 gene defect in humans disrupts CD19 complex formation and leads to antibody deficiency. J Clin Invest. April 2010. 120:1265-1274. [Medline].

28. Thiel J, Kimmig L, Salzer U, Grudzien M, Lebrecht D, Hagena T, et al. Genetic CD21 deficiency is associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. March 2012. 129:801-810. [Medline].

29. Eroglu FK, Aerts Kaya F, Cagdas D, Özgür TT, Yılmaz T, Tezcan İ, et al. B lymphocyte subsets and outcomes in patients with an initial diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Scand J Immunol. 2018 Oct. 88 (4):e12709. [Medline].

30. Memmedova L, Azarsiz E, Edeer Karaca N, Aksu G, Kutukculer N. Does intravenous immunoglobulin therapy prolong immunodeficiency in transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy?. Pediatr Rep. September 2013. 5(3):e14. [Medline].

31. Sorensen RU, Leiva LE, Giangrosso PA, et al. Response to a heptavalent conjugate Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine in children with recurrent infections who are unresponsive to the polysaccharide vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Aug. 17(8):685-91. [Medline].

32. Hsueh KC, Chiu HH, Lin HC, et al. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy presenting as Staphylococcus aureus sepsis with deep neck infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2005 Apr. 38(2):141-4. [Medline].

33. Castigli E, Wilson SA, Scott S, et al. TACI and BAFF-R mediate isotype switching in B cells. J Exp Med. 2005 Jan 3. 201(1):35-9. [Medline].

34. Cunningham-Rundles C, Bodian C. Common variable immunodeficiency: clinical and immunological features of 248 patients. Clin Immunol. 1999 Jul. 92(1):34-48. [Medline].

35. Dogu F, Ikinciogullari A, Babacan E. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy and early childhood: outcome of 30 cases. Turk J Pediatr. 2004 Apr-Jun. 46(2):120-4. [Medline].

36. Mayer L, Posnett DN, Kunkel HG. Human malignant T cells capable of inducing an immunoglobulin class switch. J Exp Med. 1985 Jan 1. 161(1):134-44. [Medline].

37. McGeady SJ. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy: need to reconsider name and definition. J Pediatr. 1987 Jan. 110(1):47-50. [Medline].

38. Oxelius VA. IgG subclass pattern in primary immunodeficiency disorders. Monogr Allergy. 1986. 19:156-63. [Medline].

39. Salzer U, Maul-Pavicic A, Cunningham-Rundles C, et al. ICOS deficiency in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol. 2004 Dec. 113(3):234-40. [Medline].

40. Sneller MC. Common variable immunodeficiency. Am J Med Sci. 2001 Jan. 321(1):42-8. [Medline].

41. Sneller MC, Strober W, Eisenstein E, et al. NIH conference. New insights into common variable immunodeficiency. Ann Intern Med. 1993 May 1. 118(9):720-30. [Medline].

Alan P Knutsen, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Director of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Director Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic & Research Center for Primary Immuodeficiences (CGCMC), Director of Pediatric Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, St Louis University Health Sciences Center

Alan P Knutsen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David J Valacer, MD 

David J Valacer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Thoracic Society, New York Academy of Sciences

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Harumi Jyonouchi, MD Faculty, Division of Allergy/Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital

Harumi Jyonouchi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Medical Association, Clinical Immunology Society, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Society for Pediatric Research, Society for Mucosal Immunology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article