Overview
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
When is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) typically diagnosed?
What is the significance of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the history of medicine?
What are the anatomical structures associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the pathogenesis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the functional and anatomic closure process of the ductus arteriosus?
How is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) defined?
What is the progression of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) if left untreated?
What causes patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants?
How do volume-pressure relationships affect patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of genetics in the etiology of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Which chromosomal abnormalities are associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of prematurity in the etiology of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What causes patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the prognosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Which factors affect the prognosis of ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the mortality rates for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Presentation
Which history is characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the presentation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Which cardiac findings suggest patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
Workup
How is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) diagnosed?
What is the role of a CBC count and metabolic panel in the workup of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of chest radiography in the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of electrocardiography in the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Treatment
What are the treatment options for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is included in emergency department (ED) care for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
When is transfer of a patient with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) indicated?
Which specialist consultations are needed for the management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the conservative management options for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the pharmacologic treatment options for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of indomethacin (Indocin) in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of ibuprofen in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of diuretics in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of cardiac catheterization in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of Amplatzer duct occluder in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the postcatheterization risks for patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is the role of surgical ligation in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the indications for surgical ligations to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the contraindications for surgical ligation to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Which treatment is most effective for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the complications of surgical ligation for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is included in posttreatment management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What are the complications of untreated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
What is included in long-term monitoring of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Medications
Which medications are used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
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Schematic diagram of a left-to-right shunt of blood flow from the descending aorta via the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to the main pulmonary artery.
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Diagram illustrating the patent ductus arteriosus.
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Diagram illustrating ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus.
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Diagram illustrating division and oversewing of the patent ductus arteriosus.
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Diagram illustrating patch closure of the patent ductus arteriosus.