Medication Summary
The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity and to prevent complications.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Class Summary
Have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities. Their mechanism of action is not known, but they may inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. Other mechanisms may exist as well, such as inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, lysosomal enzyme release, lipoxygenase activity, neutrophil aggregation, and various cell membrane functions.
Ibuprofen (Ibuprin, Motrin)
DOC for patients with mild to moderate pain. Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis.
Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Aleve)
For relief of mild to moderate pain; inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing activity of cyclooxygenase, which results in a decrease of prostaglandin synthesis.
Ketoprofen (Orudis, Oruvail, Actron)
For relief of mild to moderate pain and inflammation.
Small dosages are initially indicated in small and elderly patients and in those with renal or liver disease.
Doses >75 mg do not increase therapeutic effects. Administer high doses with caution and closely observe patient for response.
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Decreases activity of cyclooxygenase and in turn inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Results in a decreased formation of inflammatory mediators.
Analgesics
Class Summary
Pain control is essential to quality patient care. Analgesics ensure patient comfort, promote pulmonary toilet, and have sedating properties, which are beneficial for patients who have sustained trauma or have sustained injuries.
Propoxyphene/acetaminophen (Darvocet N-100)
Drug combination indicated for mild to moderate pain.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Feverall, Aspirin-Free Anacin, Tempra)
DOC for pain in patients with documented hypersensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs, with upper GI disease, or who are taking PO anticoagulants.
Codeine/acetaminophen (Tylenol and codeine)
Indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate pain.
Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab, Norcet, Margesic)
Drug combination indicated for moderate to severe pain.
Hydrocodone and ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)
Drug combination indicated for short-term (< 10 d) relief of moderate to severe acute pain.
Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet, Roxilox, Roxicet, Tylox)
Drug combination indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain.
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The medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee. Courtesy of Randale Sechrest, MD, CEO, Medical Multimedia Group
