Medication Summary
Although some inflammation may theoretically be desirable to facilitate clearing of necrotic tissue and to initiate healing, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually started right away. However, NSAIDs are ideally used for only 3-7 days, given the evidence that their use may delay complete healing.
Acetaminophen or a narcotic may be administered in addition to an NSAID for most continuing pain. However, narcotics (eg, Vicodin) are usually reserved for those with serious injuries and extreme pain.
Some animal model studies show some evidence that anabolic steroids may aid in the healing of injured muscles. Animals that have been treated with anabolic steroids are able to generate greater forces through injured muscles than those that have not been treated with these agents. However, there is not enough evidence to recommend the use of anabolic steroids to promote faster healing.
Related Medscape topics:
Resource Center Adverse Drug Events Reporting
Resource Center Pain Management: Advanced Approaches to Chronic Pain Management
Resource Center Pain Management: Pharmacologic Approaches
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents
Class Summary
NSAIDs have analgesic and antipyretic activities. The mechanism of action of these agents is not known, but NSAIDs may inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. Other mechanisms may exist as well, such as inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, lysosomal enzyme release, lipoxygenase activity, neutrophil aggregation and various cell membrane functions. Treatment of pain tends to be patient specific.
Naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)
Relieves mild to moderate pain. Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain probably by decreasing the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which results in decreased prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesics
Class Summary
Pain control is essential to quality patient care. Analgesics ensure patient comfort, promote pulmonary toilet, and have sedating properties, which are beneficial for patients who have sustained trauma or who have sustained injuries.
Acetaminophen (Feverall, Tempra, Tylenol)
DOC for pain in patients with documented hypersensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs, in those diagnosed with upper GI disease, or in those taking oral anticoagulants.
Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (Vicodin, Vicodin ES)
Drug combination indicated for moderate to severe pain.
