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Jane M Gould, MD, FAAP Medical Director, Healthcare-Associated Infections/Antimicrobial Resistance Program, Philadelphia Department of Public Health

Jane M Gould, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

Disclosure: Spouse receives salary support from pharmaceutical company for: Incyte.

Jeffrey J Cies, PharmD, MPH, BCPS (AQ-ID) Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children

Jeffrey J Cies, PharmD, MPH, BCPS (AQ-ID) is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Clinical Pharmacy, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Suchar, DDS Chair, Department of Dentistry, Director of Dental Medicine, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Tower Health

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center; Chairman, Pediatric Institutional Review Board, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio

Wayne Wolfram, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeff Burgess, DDS, MSD (Retired) Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington School of Dental Medicine; (Retired) Attending in Pain Center, University of Washington Medical Center; (Retired) Private Practice in Hawaii and Washington; Director, Oral Care Research Associates

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Halim Hennes, MD, MS Division Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Southwestern Medical School; Director of Emergency Services, Children's Medical Center

Halim Hennes, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Karen Schneider, MD, to the original writing and development of this article.

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