Overview
What are café au lait (CAL) spots?
What is the pathophysiology of café au lait (CAL) spots?
What causes café au lait (CAL) spots?
What is the global prevalence of café au lait (CAL) spots?
What is the racial predilection of café au lait (CAL) spots?
What is the prevalence of café au lait (CAL) spots in US?
How does the incidence of café au lait (CAL) spots vary by sex?
How does the incidence of café au lait (CAL) spots vary by age?
What is the prognosis of café au lait (CAL) spots?
Presentation
What does the presence of café au lait (CAL) spots suggest?
What are the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)?
Which syndromes are associated with café au lait (CAL) spots?
How are café au lait (CAL) spots characterized?
Which physical findings suggest underlying disorders associated with café au lait (CAL) spots?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Cafe Au Lait Spots?
Workup
What is the role of lab studies in the workup of café au lait (CAL) spots?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of café au lait (CAL) spots?
Treatment
How are café au lait (CAL) spots treated?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of café au lait (CAL) spots?
When is genetic counseling indicated for patients with café au lait (CAL) spots?
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Axillary freckling showing café au lait spots.
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Multiple irregular sized and shaped café au lait lesions.
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Café au lait lesions.
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Café au lait lesions.