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Sections Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Overview
- Presentation
- DDx
- Workup
- Treatment
- Guidelines
- Medication
- Questions & Answers
- Media Gallery
- References
Guidelines Summary
The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry's practice guidelines for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with ASD include the following recommendations: [197, 198]
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Questions about core symptoms of ASD should be a routine part of psychiatric and developmental assessments of young children. [1]
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If screening reveals significant ASD symptomatology, [127] a thorough evaluation should be performed and possible comorbid diagnoses should be considered.
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Children with ASD should undergo a multidisciplinary assessment, including a physical examination, a hearing screen, communication and psychological tests, and genetic testing.
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Clinicians should help families obtain educational and behavioral interventions, such as applied behavioral analysis (ABA) programs.
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Pharmacotherapy should be offered for specific target symptoms or comorbid conditions.
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Clinicians should maintain an active role in the planning of long-term treatment.
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Families should be asked about the use of alternative/complementary treatments.
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The significance of answers to individual Autism Screening Checklist items is as follows: Item 1- A "yes" occurs in healthy children and children with some pervasive developmental disorders; a "no" occurs in children with autism, Rett syndrome, and other developmental disorders. Item 2 - A "yes" occurs in healthy children, not children with autism. Item 3 - A "yes" occurs in healthy children and children with Asperger syndrome (ie, high-functioning autism); a "no" occurs in children with Rett syndrome; children with autism may elicit a "yes" or a "no"; some children with autism never speak; some children with autism may develop speech normally and then experience a regression with the loss of speech. Item 4 - A "yes" occurs in healthy children and children with Asperger syndrome and some other pervasive developmental disorders; a "no" occurs in children with developmental disorders; children with autism may elicit a "yes" or a "no." Items 5-10 - Scores of "yes" occur in some children with autism and in children with other disorders. Item 11 – A "yes" occurs in healthy children; a "no" occurs in some children with autism and in children with other disorders. Items 12, 13 - Scores of "yes" occur in some children with autism and in children with other disorders. Items 14-19 - Scores of "yes" occur in children with schizophrenia and other disorders, not in children with autism, Asperger syndrome, or other autism spectrum disorders. The higher the total score for items 5-10, 12, and 13 on the Autism Screening Checklist, the more likely the presence of an autism spectrum disorder.
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Serotonin syndrome checklist.
Tables
James Robert Brasic, MD, MPH, MS, MA Assistant Professor, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science and Neurology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
James Robert Brasic, MD, MPH, MS, MA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, American Academy of Neurology, International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, Society for Neuroscience, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; New York City Health and Hospitals/Bellevue, New York University Langone Health<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Maryland Regional Council of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry<br/>Received research grant from: National Institutes of Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Center (U54 HD079123) at the Kennedy Krieger Institute<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Gerson Lehrman Group; Guidepost<br/>Received royalty from Medscape for other.
Ashley B Durbin, BS, BA
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Caroly Pataki, MD Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
Caroly Pataki, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York Academy of Sciences, Physicians for Social Responsibility
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Farzaneh Farhadi, MD Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Johns Hopkins Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Tarek Elshourbagy, MBBCh Intern, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Egypt; Research Physician, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgments
This publication was made possible by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) which is funded in part by Grant Number UL1 TR003098 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Johns Hopkins ICTR, NCATS or NIH. This research is also supported by the Radiology Bridge Funding Initiative to Stimulate and Advance Research (RAD BriteStar Bridge) Award of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (U54 HD079123) at the Kennedy Krieger Institute of Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Sections Autism Spectrum Disorder
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