DDx
Diagnostic Considerations
Other diagnoses to consider include the following:
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Esophageal disorders (eg, esophageal stricture, achalasia, hiatal hernia)
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Gastric disorders (eg, gastroparesis, gastric carcinoma, peptic ulcer disease)
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Small bowel disorders (eg, pseudo-obstruction)
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Metabolic or endocrine disorders (eg, Addison disease, adrenal insufficiency)
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Pregnancy
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CNS diseases (eg, tumors, organic lesions, infections such as basal meningitis)
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Drugs that effect swallowing and esophageal functioning (eg, digitalis, some chemotherapeutic agents, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics)
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Functional disorders (eg, functional dyspepsia, psychogenic vomiting, oral-motor dysfunction, anatomic defects, H-type tracheoesophageal fistula)
Differential Diagnoses
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