Overview
What is pediatric constipation?
How common is pediatric constipation?
How is pediatric constipation defined?
What is the anatomy of the colon relevant to pediatric constipation?
What is the pathophysiology of pediatric constipation?
What is the prevalence of pediatric constipation in the US?
What is the global prevalence of pediatric constipation?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of pediatric constipation?
What is included in patient education about pediatric constipation?
Presentation
What is the focus of the clinical history to evaluate pediatric constipation?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of pediatric constipation?
Which rectal exam findings are characteristic of pediatric constipation?
What does a finding of sacral dimples or pits indicate in the evaluation of pediatric constipation?
DDX
Which conditions are included in the differential diagnoses of pediatric constipation?
How is pediatric constipation differentiated from Hirschsprung disease?
What are the differential diagnoses for Pediatric Constipation?
Workup
How is pediatric constipation diagnosed?
What is the role of abdominal radiography in the workup of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of contrast enema in the workup of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of air-contrast enemas in the workup of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of anorectal manometry in the workup of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of rectal biopsy in the workup of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of pediatric constipation?
Treatment
How is pediatric constipation treated?
What is the role of colon evacuation in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of laxatives in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
How are regular toilet habits established in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
Which dietary modifications are used in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
Which diet is recommended for the treatment of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of cow milk in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of iron in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
What is the role of probiotics in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
Which specialist consultations are beneficial to patients with pediatric constipation?
What is included in the long-term monitoring of pediatric constipation?
Medications
What is the role of medications in the treatment of pediatric constipation?
Which medications in the drug class Lubricants are used in the treatment of Pediatric Constipation?
-
Plain abdominal radiograph that demonstrates stool throughout the colon.
-
This table differentiates functional constipation from Hirschsprung disease.
-
This unprepared single-contrast barium enema demonstrates a transition zone consistent with Hirschsprung disease.
-
The images illustrate normal anorectal manometry with relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to rectal distention.
-
This image delineates common withholding behaviors in young children.
-
Contrast enema of a patient with megasigmoid and impacted stool.
-
Contrast enema in a patient in whom the rectosigmoid was resected.
-
Position for enema administration in an infant.
-
Another position for enema administration.
-
Administration of an enema.
-
Incorrect enema administration. The enema is administered against stool impaction and cannot be successful.
-
Enema administration with a tube.
-
Enema with inflated Foley balloon catheter.
-
Administration of an enema against impacted stool.
-
Administration of an enema against fecal impaction.