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Mutaz I Sultan, MD, MBChB Assistant Professor and Chief of Pediatrics, Al-Quds University Medical College; Pediatric Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Division of Pediatrics, Makassed Hospital, Palestine

Mutaz I Sultan, MD, MBChB is a member of the following medical societies: European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Palestine Medical Council

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

B UK Li, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin; Attending Gastroenterologist, Director, Cyclic Vomiting Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin

B UK Li, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Maria Triantafyllopoulou Greene, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Memorial Hospital

Maria Triantafyllopoulou Greene, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Stefano Guandalini, MD, AGAF Founder and Director Emeritus, Celiac Disease Center, University of Chicago; Former Chief, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine; Professor Emeritus, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine

Stefano Guandalini, MD, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, North American Society for the Study of Celiac Disease

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Imaware.health.

Carmen Cuffari, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Carmen Cuffari, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Received honoraria from Prometheus Laboratories for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from Abbott Nutritionals for speaking and teaching. for: Abbott Nutritional, Abbvie, speakers' bureau.

Hisham Nazer, MBBCh, FRCP, DTM&H Professor of Pediatrics, Consultant in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine, Jordan

Hisham Nazer, MBBCh, FRCP, DTM&H is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Physician Leadership, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of the United Kingdom

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Meta Carroll, MD, to the development and writing of this article.

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