Atlantoaxial Instability (Atlantoaxial Subluxation) Differential Diagnoses

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Chris G Koutures, MD, FAAP Consulting Staff, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Orange County and St Joseph Hospital; Team Physician, California State University, Fullerton; Team Physician, USA Volleyball

Chris G Koutures, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Association, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, California Medical Association

Disclosure: Received royalty from SLACK Publishing for independent contractor.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Russell D White, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Truman Medical Center-Lakewood

Russell D White, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Sports Medicine, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Craig C Young, MD Professor, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Community and Family Medicine, Medical Director of Sports Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin

Craig C Young, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David T Bernhardt, MD Director of Adolescent and Sports Medicine Fellowship, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics/Ortho and Rehab, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health

David T Bernhardt, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John Munyak, MD Associate Program Director, Director of Sports Medicine Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chantal D Simpson, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Lincoln Hospital of New Jersey

Chantal D Simpson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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