Lymphadenitis Questions & Answers

1. Boldt DH. Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly, Internal Medicine, Stein. 5th Ed. 1998. Chapter 81.

2. Pasternack MS, Marton NS. Lymphadenitis and Lymphangitis, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. 2010. Chapter 92.

3. Carvalho AC, Codecasa L, Pinsi G, Ferrarese M, Fornabaio C, Bergamaschi V. Differential diagnosis of cervical mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Jul. 29(7):629-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Friedmann AM. Evaluation and management of lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Rev. 2008 Feb. 29(2):53-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Peters TR, Edwards KM. Cervical lymphadenopathy and adenitis. Pediatr Rev. 2000 Dec. 21(12):399-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Sejben I, Rácz A, Svébis M, Patyi M, Cserni G. Petroleum jelly-induced penile paraffinoma with inguinal lymphadenitis mimicking incarcerated inguinal hernia. Can Urol Assoc J. 2012 Aug. 6(4):E137-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

7. Raoot A, Dev G. Assessment of Status of rpoB Gene in FNAC Samples of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis by Real-Time PCR. Tuberc Res Treat. 2012. 2012:834836. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. Leung AK, Davies HD. Cervical lymphadenitis: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009 May. 11(3):183-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Wang L, Wu W, Teng J, Zhong R, Han B, Sun J. Sonographic Features of Endobronchial Ultrasound in Differentiation of Benign Lymph Nodes. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016 Sep 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Geake J, Hammerschlag G, Nguyen P, Wallbridge P, Jenkin GA, Korman TM, et al. Utility of EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis: a multicentre Australian experience. J Thorac Dis. 2015 Mar. 7(3):439-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

11. Dulin MF, Kennard TP, Leach L, Williams R. Management of cervical lymphadenitis in children. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Nov 1. 78(9):1097-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Haimi-Cohen Y, Markus-Eidlitz T, Amir J, Zeharia A. Long-term Follow-up of Observation-Only Management of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016 Oct. 55 (12):1160-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Guss J, Kazahaya K. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community-acquired pediatric neck abscesses. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jun. 71(6):943-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Loizos A, Soteriades ES, Pieridou D, Koliou MG. Lymphadenitis by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children. Pediatr Int. 2018 Dec. 60 (12):1062-1067. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Willemse SH, Oomens MAEM, De Lange J, Karssemakers LHE. Diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children: A systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Sep. 112:48-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Elizabeth Partridge, MD, MPH, MS Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Medical Director of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention, UC Davis Children’s Hospital, UC Davis Medical Center

Elizabeth Partridge, MD, MPH, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, California Medical Association, Infectious Disease Association of California, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dean A Blumberg, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Chief, Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of California Davis Children's Hospital

Dean A Blumberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, California Medical Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Sierra Sacramento Valley Medical Society

Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Novartis for clinical research investigator; Received speaking fees paid to university, not self from Merck for speaking and teaching; Received speaking fees paid to university, not self from sanofi pasteur for speaking and teaching.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Larry I Lutwick, MD, FACP Editor-in-Chief, ID Cases; Moderator, Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases; Adjunct Professor of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine

Larry I Lutwick, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Infectious Diseases Society of New York, International Society for Infectious Diseases, New York Academy of Sciences, Veterans Affairs Society of Practitioners in Infectious Diseases

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Russell W Steele, MD Clinical Professor, Tulane University School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Ochsner Clinic Foundation

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gary J Noel, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College; Attending Pediatrician, New York-Presbyterian Hospital

Gary J Noel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author, Ulfat Shaikh, MD, MPH, to the development and writing of this article.

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