Measles Questions & Answers

1. Lowes R. Three-Fold Increase in Measles Warrants Vigilance, CDC Says. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/815514. Accessed: December 9, 2013.

2. Papania MJ, Wallace GS, Rota PA, et al. Elimination of Endemic Measles, Rubella, and Congenital Rubella Syndrome From the Western Hemisphere: The US Experience. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Dec 5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Gastanaduy PA, Redd SB, Fiebelkorn AP, et al. Measles - United States, January 1-May 23, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jun 6. 63(22):496-499. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. California Department of Public Health Confirms 59 Cases of Measles. California Department of Public Health. Available at http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-008.aspx. Accessed: January 23, 2015.

5. Gastañaduy PA, Budd J, Fisher N, Redd SB, Fletcher J, Miller J, et al. A Measles Outbreak in an Underimmunized Amish Community in Ohio. N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 6. 375 (14):1343-1354. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Parry N. Containment Cuts Measles Spread in Undervaccinated Population. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/869872. October 05, 2016; Accessed: November 10, 2016.

7. Harrison L. AAP updates measles recommendations. Medscape Medical News. WebMD Inc. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/839688. Accessed: March 31, 2015.

8. 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Early Release from Red Book. American Academy of Pediatrics. Available at http://redbook.solutions.aap.org/DocumentLibrary/2015RedBookMeasles.pdf. Accessed: March 31, 2015.

9. Bar-On S, Ochshorn Y, Halutz O, Aboudy Y, Many A. Detection of measles virus by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in a placenta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 Aug. 23(8):935-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. American Academy of Pediatrics. Measles. Pickering LK, ed. Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Disease. Elk Grove, Ill: AAP; 2006. 441-52.

11. Sabella C. Measles: not just a childhood rash. Cleve Clin J Med. 2010 Mar. 77(3):207-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. [Guideline] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended immunization schedules for persons aged 0 through 18 years---United States, 2009. CDC Recommended Vaccine Schedule. 2008 Dec. 57(51;52):[Full Text].

13. Meissner HC, Strebel PM, Orenstein WA. Measles vaccines and the potential for worldwide eradication of measles. Pediatrics. 2004. 114(4):1065-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. Smeeth L, Cook C, Fombonne E, et al. MMR vaccination and pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control study. Lancet. 2004. 11-17;364(9438):963-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Schneider-Schaulies S, Schneider-Schaulies J. Measles virus-induced immunosuppression. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009. 330:243-69. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Markowitz LE, Preblud SR, Fine PE, Orenstein WA. Duration of live measles vaccine-induced immunity. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990 Feb. 9(2):101-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Reported vaccine-preventable diseases--United States, 1993, and the childhood immunization initiative. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Feb 4. 43(4):57-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Orenstein WA, Papania MJ, Wharton ME. Measles elimination in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2004 May 1. 189 Suppl 1:S1-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Coleman KP, Markey PG. Measles transmission in immunized and partially immunized air travellers. Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Jul. 138(7):1012-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Measles--United States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Dec 22. 55(50):1348-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Update: measles--United States, January-July 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Aug 22. 57(33):893-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles—United States, January–May 20, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 May 24;60(Early Release):1-4:

23. Notes from the field: Measles outbreak--Hennepin County, Minnesota, February-March 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Apr 8. 60(13):421. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Clemmons NS, Wallace GS, Patel M, Gastañaduy PA. Incidence of Measles in the United States, 2001-2015. JAMA. 2017 Oct 3. 318 (13):1279-1281. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Program in brief: Measles Mortality Reduction and Regional Global Measles Elimination. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncird/progbriefs/downloads/global-measles-elim.pdf. Accessed: April 14, 2009.

26. Global measles mortality, 2000-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 4. 58(47):1321-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Benkimoun P. Outbreak of measles in France shows no signs of abating. BMJ. 2011 May 20. 342:d3161. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Measles outbreaks and progress toward measles preelimination --- African region, 2009-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Apr 1. 60(12):374-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Garenne M. Sex differences in measles mortality: a world review. Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Jun. 23(3):632-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Forni AL, Schluger NW, Roberts RB. Severe measles pneumonitis in adults: evaluation of clinical characteristics and therapy with intravenous. Clin Infect Dis Sep. 1994. 19(3):454-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Fusilli G, De Mitri B. Acute pancreatitis associated with the measles virus: case report and review of literature data. Pancreas. 2009 May. 38(4):478-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Perry RT, Halsey NA. The clinical significance of measles: a review. J Infect Dis. 2004 May 1. 189 Suppl 1:S4-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Helfand RF, Heath JL, Anderson LJ, et al. Diagnosis of measles with an IgM capture EIA: the optimal timing of specimen collection after rash onset. J Infect Dis. 1997 Jan. 175(1):195-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Hosoya M, Shigeta S, Mori S, et al. High-dose intravenous ribavirin therapy for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Mar. 45(3):943-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Available at http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch193/ch193b.html.

36. MMR-II vaccine insert. Available at http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/m/mmr_ii/mmr_ii_pi.pdf.

37. Immunization Schedules. Updated August 25, 2010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/default.htm. Accessed: May 25, 2011.

38. Rowhani-Rahbar A, Fireman B, Lewis E, et al. Effect of age on the risk of fever and seizures following immunization With measles-containing vaccines in children. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Oct 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Henderson D. Measles vaccine: lower seizure risk when given early on. Medscape Medical News. October 14, 2013. [Full Text].

40. Hand L. MMR: ACIP Vaccine Recommendations, Japan Rubella Outbreak. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/806524. Accessed: July 15, 2013.

41. Prevention of Measles, Rubella, Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and Mumps, 2013: Summary Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14. 62:1-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Measles imported by returning U.S. travelers aged 6-23 months, 2001-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Apr 8. 60(13):397-400. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Klein NP, Fireman B, Yih WK, et al. Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combination vaccine and the risk of febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 2010 Jul. 126(1):e1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Hviid A. Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combination vaccine increases risk of febrile seizure. J Pediatr. 2011 Jan. 158(1):170. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

45. [Guideline] Marin M, Broder KR, Temte JL, Snider DE, Seward JF. Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 May 7. 59:1-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

46. [Guideline] American Academy of Pediatrics; Committee on Infectious Diseases. Policy Statement--Prevention of Varicella: Update of Recommendations for Use of Quadrivalent and Monovalent Varicella Vaccines in Children. Pediatrics. 2011 Aug 28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M, et al. A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 7. 347(19):1477-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Mrozek-Budzyn D, Kieltyka A, Majewska R. Lack of association between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and autism in children: a case-control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 May. 29(5):397-400. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Measles Initiative highlights the importance of adherence to global goals and strategies (news release). Available at http://bit.ly/mULNYb. Accessed: May 26, 2011.

50. Measles (Rubeola): Measles Cases and Outbreaks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html. June 3, 2019; Accessed: June 6, 2019.

51. Brown T. Measles Cases Continue to Rise, Highest Since 1992. Medscape Medical News. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913916. June 4, 2019; Accessed: June 6, 2019.

Selina SP Chen, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii; Internal Medicine and Pediatric Hospitalist, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children; Internal Medicine Hospitalist, Straub Clinic and Hospital; Electronic Medical Record Physician Liaison and Trainer

Selina SP Chen, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Society of Hospital Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Glenn Fennelly, MD, MPH Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lewis M Fraad Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Medical Center; Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Glenn Fennelly, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Russell W Steele, MD Clinical Professor, Tulane University School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Ochsner Clinic Foundation

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Melissa Burnett, MD Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Joseph Domachowske, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Joseph Domachowske, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pamela L Dyne, MD Professor of Clinical Medicine/Emergency Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Pamela L Dyne, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dirk M Elston, MD Director, Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, New York

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Heather Kesler DeVore, MD Assistant Professor, Clinical Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital and Washington Hospital Center

Heather Kesler DeVore, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Emergency Medicine Residents Association and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Leonard R Krilov, MD Chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and International Adoption, Vice Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Professor of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital

Leonard R Krilov, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Medimmune Grant/research funds Cliinical trials; Medimmune Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Medimmune Consulting fee Consulting

Paul Krusinski, MD Director of Dermatology, Fletcher Allen Health Care; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Paul Krusinski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, and Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

James W Patterson, MD Professor of Pathology and Dermatology, Director of Dermatopathology, University of Virginia Medical Center

James W Patterson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, American Society of Dermatopathology, Royal Society of Medicine, Society for Investigative Dermatology, and United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Stacy Sawtelle, MD Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gina A Taylor, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Attending Dermatologist and Dermatopathologist, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Director of Dermatology Service, Attending Dermatologist, Kings County Hospital Center

Gina A Taylor, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine

Michael J Wells, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, and Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Garry Wilkes, MBBS, FACEM Director of Emergency Medicine, Calvary Hospital, Canberra, ACT; Adjunct Associate Professor, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Grace M Young, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical Center

Grace M Young, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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