Thrush Questions & Answers

1. Mushi MF, Bader O, Taverne-Ghadwal L, Bii C, Groß U, Mshana SE. Oral candidiasis among African human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: 10 years of systematic review and meta-analysis from sub-Saharan Africa. J Oral Microbiol. 2017. 9 (1):1317579. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Karajacob AS, Azizan NB, Al-Maleki ARM, et al. Candida species and oral mycobiota of patients clinically diagnosed with oral thrush. PLoS One. 2023. 18 (4):e0284043. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

3. Pisano M, Romano A, Di Palo MP, Baroni A, Serpico R, Contaldo M. Oral Candidiasis in Adult and Pediatric Patients with COVID-19. Biomedicines. 2023 Mar 10. 11 (3):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

4. Gillies M, Ranakusuma A, Hoffmann T, Thorning S, McGuire T, Glasziou P, et al. Common harms from amoxicillin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for any indication. CMAJ. 2015 Jan 6. 187 (1):E21-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Pullen LC. Amoxicillin Adverse Effects Underreported, Underrecognized. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/835143. November 19, 2014; Accessed: June 16, 2015.

6. [Guideline] Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 1. 48(5):503-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Hoppe JE. Treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and candidal diaper dermatitis in neonates and infants: review and reappraisal. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Sep. 16(9):885-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Kalfa VC, Roberts RL, Stiehm ER. The syndrome of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with selective antibody deficiency. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003 Feb. 90(2):259-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Liu X, Hua H. Oral manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: seven case reports. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 Oct. 36(9):528-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Rowen JL. Mucocutaneous candidiasis. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Oct. 27(5):406-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Tooyama H, Matsumoto T, Hayashi K, Kurashina K, Kurita H, Uchida M, et al. Candida concentrations determined following concentrated oral rinse culture reflect clinical oral signs. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Nov 24. 15:150. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Raucher HS. Should we be treating oral thrush?. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Mar. 17(3):267. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Lewis MAO, Williams DW. Diagnosis and management of oral candidosis. Br Dent J. 2017 Nov 10. 223 (9):675-681. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Sawant B, Khan T. Recent advances in delivery of antifungal agents for therapeutic management of candidiasis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec. 96:1478-1490. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Lyu X, Zhao C, Yan ZM, Hua H. Efficacy of nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016. 10:1161-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Mudra Kumar, MD, MRCP, FAAP Professor of Pediatrics, Course Director, Course 6 MSII, Preclerkship Director, Clinical Integration, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Mudra Kumar, MD, MRCP, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society of Hematology, American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Russell W Steele, MD Clinical Professor, Tulane University School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Ochsner Clinic Foundation

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Leonard R Krilov, MD Chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and International Adoption, Vice Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital; Professor of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine

Leonard R Krilov, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Leslie L Barton, MD Professor Emerita of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine

Leslie L Barton, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Association of Pediatric Program Directors, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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