Pediatric Septic Arthritis Questions & Answers

1. Welkon CJ, Long SS, Fisher MC, Alburger PD. Pyogenic arthritis in infants and children: a review of 95 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986 Nov-Dec. 5(6):669-76. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Thompson A, Mannix R, Bachur R. Acute pediatric monoarticular arthritis: distinguishing lyme arthritis from other etiologies. Pediatrics. 2009 Mar. 123(3):959-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Tirta M, Ampelas D, Tsintavis P, Pilichou A, Krallis P. Salmonella septic hip arthritis in immunocompetent children: three case reports and literature review. Cureus. 2022 Aug. 14 (8):e27701. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

4. Kocher MS, Zurakowski D, Kasser JR. Differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children: an evidence-based clinical prediction algorithm. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Dec. 81(12):1662-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Caird MS, Flynn JM, Leung YL, et al. Factors distinguishing septic arthritis from transient synovitis of the hip in children. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Jun. 88(6):1251-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Kaplan SL. Challenges in the evaluation and management of bone and joint infections and the role of new antibiotics for gram positive infections. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009. 634:111-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Okubo Y, Nochioka K, Marcia T. Nationwide survey of pediatric septic arthritis in the United States. J Orthop. 2017 Sep. 14 (3):342-346. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Patankar AG, Coene RP, Cook DL, et al. Seasonal variation of pediatric septic arthritis in the United States: a PHIS Database study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023 Mar 1. 43 (3):e266-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Burgess A, Celerier C, Breton S, Van den Abbeele T, Kadlub N, Leboulanger N, et al. Otogenic Temporomandibular Arthritis in Children. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 May 1. 143 (5):466-471. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Taekema HC, Landham PR, Maconochie I. Towards evidence based medicine for paediatricians. Distinguishing between transient synovitis and septic arthritis in the limping child: how useful are clinical prediction tools?. Arch Dis Child. 2009 Feb. 94(2):167-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. [Guideline] Fordham L, Gunderman R, Blatt ER, et al. Limping child--ages 0-5 years. American College of Radiology (ACR). 2007. 5. [Full Text].

12. Kocher MS, Zurakowski D, Kasser JR. Differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children: an evidence-based clinical prediction algorithm. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Dec. 81 (12):1662-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Kocher MS, Mandiga R, Zurakowski D, Barnewolt C, Kasser JR. Validation of a clinical prediction rule for the differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Aug. 86-A (8):1629-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Mistry RM, Lennon D, Boyle MJ, et al. Septic arthritis and acute rheumatic fever in children: the diagnostic value of serological inflammatory markers. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015 Apr-May. 35 (3):318-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Horton DB, Strom BL, Putt ME, Rose CD, Sherry DD, Sammons JS. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infection-Associated Reactive Arthritis in Children: An Underdiagnosed, Potentially Morbid Condition. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 May 16. e160217. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Dart AH, Michelson KA, Aronson PL, Garro AC, Lee TJ, Glerum KM, et al. Hip Synovial Fluid Cell Counts in Children From a Lyme Disease Endemic Area. Pediatrics. 2018 May. 141 (5):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Deanehan JK, Kimia AA, Tan Tanny SP, Milewski MD, Talusan PG, Smith BG, et al. Distinguishing Lyme from septic knee monoarthritis in Lyme disease-endemic areas. Pediatrics. 2013 Mar. 131(3):e695-701. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Kelly JC. Septic Arthritis in Children Ruled Out by New Test. Medscape. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/779584. Accessed: September 17, 2014.

19. Deanehan JK, Nigrovic PA, Milewski MD, Tan Tanny SP, Kimia AA, Smith BG, et al. Synovial fluid findings in children with knee monoarthritis in lyme disease endemic areas. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Jan. 30 (1):16-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Erkilinc M, Gilmore A, Weber M, Mistovich RJ. Current concepts in pediatric septic arthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2021 Mar 1. 29 (5):196-206. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Carter K, Doern C, Jo CH, Copley LA. The Clinical Usefulness of Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Supplemental Diagnostic Tool in the Evaluation and the Treatment of Children With Septic Arthritis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2016 Mar. 36 (2):167-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Pääkkönen M, Kallio MJ, Peltola H, Kallio PE. Pediatric septic hip with or without arthrotomy: retrospective analysis of 62 consecutive nonneonatal culture-positive cases. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2010 May. 19(3):264-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Fogel I, Amir J, Bar-On E, Harel L. Dexamethasone Therapy for Septic Arthritis in Children. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct. 136 (4):e776-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Richard J Scarfone, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine and Medical Director of Emergency Preparedness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Richard J Scarfone, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Joseph Domachowske, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Joseph Domachowske, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Received research grant from: Pfizer;GlaxoSmithKline;AstraZeneca;Merck;American Academy of Pediatrics, Novavax, Regeneron, Diassess, Actelion<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Sanofi Pasteur.

Russell W Steele, MD Clinical Professor, Tulane University School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Ochsner Clinic Foundation

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine

Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, The Society of Federal Health Professionals (AMSUS), Infectious Diseases Society of America, International Immunocompromised Host Society, International Society for Infectious Diseases, Medical Society of the District of Columbia, New York Academy of Sciences, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Society for Pediatric Research, Southern Medical Association, Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Advances in Children, American Federation for Clinical Research, Surgical Infection Society, Armed Forces Infectious Diseases Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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