Medial Epicondylitis Questions & Answers

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12. Vinod AV, Ross G. An effective approach to diagnosis and surgical repair of refractory medial epicondylitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015 Aug. 24 (8):1172-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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16. Nirschl RP, Rodin DM, Ochiai DH, Maartmann-Moe C, and the DEX-AHE-01-99 Study Group. Iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate for acute epicondylitis. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Am J Sports Med. 2003 Mar-Apr. 31(2):189-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Hoogvliet P, Randsdorp MS, Dingemanse R, Koes BW, Huisstede BM. Does effectiveness of exercise therapy and mobilisation techniques offer guidance for the treatment of lateral and medial epicondylitis? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2013 Nov. 47(17):1112-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Stanley KL, Weaver JE. Pharmacologic management of pain and inflammation in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 1998 Apr. 17(2):375-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Burnham R, Gregg R, Healy P, Steadward R. The effectiveness of topical diclofenac for lateral epicondylitis. Clin J Sport Med. 1998 Apr. 8(2):78-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Labelle H, Guibert R. Efficacy of diclofenac in lateral epicondylitis of the elbow also treated with immobilization. The University of Montreal Orthopaedic Research Group. Arch Fam Med. 1997 May-Jun. 6(3):257-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Quillen WS, Magee DJ, Zachazewski JE. The process of athletic injury and rehabilitation. Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1996. 3-8.

22. Thurston AJ. Conservative and surgical treatment of tennis elbow: a study of outcome. Aust N Z J Surg. 1998 Aug. 68(8):568-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Degen RM, Cancienne JM, Camp CL, Altchek DW, Dines JS, Werner BC. Patient-related risk factors for requiring surgical intervention following a failed injection for the treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis. Phys Sportsmed. 2017 Sep 8. 1-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Han SH, Lee JK, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Kim JW, Kim TS. The result of surgical treatment of medial epicondylitis: analysis with more than a 5-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016 Oct. 25 (10):1704-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Kwon BC, Kwon YS, Bae KJ. The Fascial Elevation and Tendon Origin Resection Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Recalcitrant Medial Epicondylitis. Am J Sports Med. 2014 Apr 23. 42(7):1731-1737. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Stahl S, Kaufman T. The efficacy of an injection of steroids for medial epicondylitis. A prospective study of sixty elbows. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997 Nov. 79(11):1648-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Verhaar JA, Walenkamp GH, van Mameren H, et al. Local corticosteroid injection versus Cyriax-type physiotherapy for tennis elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996 Jan. 78(1):128-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Foster ZJ, Voss TT, Hatch J, Frimodig A. Corticosteroid Injections for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Oct 15. 92 (8):694-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Pfenninger JL. Joint and soft tissue aspiration and injection. Procedures for Primary Care Physicians. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1994. 1036-54.

30. Suresh SP, Ali KE, Jones H, Connell DA. Medial epicondylitis: is ultrasound guided autologous blood injection an effective treatment?. Br J Sports Med. 2006 Nov. 40(11):935-9; discussion 939. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Connell DA, Ali KE, Ahmad M, et al. Ultrasound-guided autologous blood injection for tennis elbow. Skeletal Radiol. 2006 Jun. 35(6):371-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Edwards SG, Calandruccio JH. Autologous blood injections for refractory lateral epicondylitis. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2003 Mar. 28(2):272-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Peerbooms JC, Sluimer J, Bruijn DJ, Gosens T. Positive effect of an autologous platelet concentrate in lateral epicondylitis in a double-blind randomized controlled trial: platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection with a 1-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2010 Feb. 38(2):255-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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36. Keizer SB, Rutten HP, Pilot P, et al. Botulinum toxin injection versus surgical treatment for tennis elbow: a randomized pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Aug. 401:125-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Rompe JD, Hope C, Küllmer K, Heine J, Bürger R. Analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy on chronic tennis elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996 Mar. 78(2):233-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

38. Speed CA, Nichols D, Richards C, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis--a double blind randomised controlled trial. J Orthop Res. 2002 Sep. 20(5):895-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Haake M, König IR, Decker T, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis : a randomized multicenter trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Nov. 84-A(11):1982-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Melikyan EY, Shahin E, Miles J, Bainbridge LC. Extracorporeal shock-wave treatment for tennis elbow. A randomised double-blind study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003 Aug. 85(6):852-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Chung B, Wiley JP. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of previously untreated lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2004 Oct-Nov. 32(7):1660-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Mehra A, Zaman T, Jenkin AI. The use of a mobile lithotripter in the treatment of tennis elbow and plantar fasciitis. Surgeon. 2003 Oct. 1(5):290-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Paoloni JA, Appleyard RC, Nelson J, Murrell GA. Topical nitric oxide application in the treatment of chronic extensor tendinosis at the elbow: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Sports Med. 2003 Nov-Dec. 31(6):915-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Steunebrink M, Zwerver J, Brandsema R, Groenenboom P, van den Akker-Scheek I, Weir A. Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Sports Med. 2013 Jan. 47(1):34-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

45. Gambito ED, Gonzalez-Suarez CB, Oquiñena TI, Agbayani RB. Evidence on the effectiveness of topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of tendinopathies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Aug. 91(8):1291-305. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Ciccotti MC, Schwartz MA, Ciccotti MG. Diagnosis and treatment of medial epicondylitis of the elbow. Clin Sports Med. 2004 Oct. 23(4):693-705, xi. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. McCarthy D. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastrointestinal toxicity: definitions and epidemiology. Am J Med. 1998 Nov 2. 105(5A):3S-9S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Wang AA, Whitaker E, Hutchinson DT, Coleman DA. Pain levels after injection of corticosteroid to hand and elbow. Am J Orthop. 2003 Aug. 32(8):383-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Wiggins AJ, Cancienne JM, Camp CL, Degen RM, Altchek DW, Dines JS, et al. Disease Burden of Medial Epicondylitis in the USA Is Increasing: An Analysis of 19,856 Patients From 2007 to 2014. HSS Journal. 2018 Oct. 14:233-237. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Craig C Young, MD Professor, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Community and Family Medicine, Medical Director of Sports Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin

Craig C Young, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Craig C Young, MD Professor, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Community and Family Medicine, Medical Director of Sports Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin

Craig C Young, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Anthony J Saglimbeni, MD President, South Bay Sports and Preventive Medicine Associates; Private Practice; Team Internist, San Francisco Giants; Team Internist, West Valley College; Team Physician, Bellarmine College Prep; Team Physician, Presentation High School; Team Physician, Santa Clara University; Consultant, University of San Francisco, Academy of Art University, Skyline College, Foothill College, De Anza College

Anthony J Saglimbeni, MD is a member of the following medical societies: California Medical Association, Santa Clara County Medical Association, Monterey County Medical Society

Disclosure: Received ownership interest from South Bay Sports and Preventive Medicine Associates, Inc for board membership.

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