Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding Questions & Answers

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18. Phillippi JC, Holley SL, Morad A, Collins MR. Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2016 Sep. 61(5):632-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Ozdemir MA, Karakukcu M, Per H, Unal E, Gumus H, Patiroglu T. Late-type vitamin K deficiency bleeding: experience from 120 patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012 Feb. 28(2):247-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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21. Darlow BA, Phillips AA, Dickson NP. New Zealand surveillance of neonatal vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB): 1998-2008. J Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Jul. 47(7):460-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Rai RK, Luo J, Tulchinsky TH. Vitamin K supplementation to prevent hemorrhagic morbidity and mortality of newborns in India and China. World J Pediatr. 2017 Feb. 13(1):15-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Hascoet JM, Picaud JC, Lapillonne A, et al, for the Societe francaise de neonatologie. [Vitamin K in the neonate: recommendations update] [French]. Arch Pediatr. 2017 Sep. 24(9):902-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Hamrick HJ, Gable EK, Freeman EH, et al. Reasons for refusal of newborn vitamin K prophylaxis: implications for management and education. Hosp Pediatr. 2016 Jan. 6(1):15-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Marcewicz LH, Clayton J, Maenner M, et al. Parental refusal of vitamin K and neonatal preventive services: a need for surveillance. Matern Child Health J. 2017 May. 21(5):1079-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

26. Bellini S. What parents need to know about vitamin K administration at birth. Nurs Womens Health. 2015 Jun-Jul. 19(3):261-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Mihatsch WA, Braegger C, Bronsky J, et al, for the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborn infants: a position paper by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Jul. 63(1):123-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

28. Witt M, Kvist N, Jorgensen MH, Hulscher JB, Verkade HJ, and the Netherlands Study Group of Biliary Atresia Registry (NeSBAR). Prophylactic dosing of vitamin K to prevent bleeding. Pediatrics. 2016 May. 137(5):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

29. Hauschner H, Rosenberg N, Seligsohn U, et al. Persistent neonatal thrombocytopenia can be caused by IgA antiplatelet antibodies in breast milk of immune thrombocytopenic mothers. Blood. 2015 Jul 30. 126(5):661-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. Mitsiakos G, Pana ZD, Chatziioannidis I, et al. Platelet mass predicts intracranial hemorrhage in neonates with gram-negative sepsis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015 Oct. 37(7):519-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Policy statement: Controversies concerning vitamin K and the newborn. Pediatrics. 2003 Jul. 112(1 pt 1):191-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

32. [Guideline] American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Vitamin K compounds and the water-soluble analogues: use in therapy and prophylaxis in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 1961 Sept. 28:501-7. [Full Text].

33. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Nutrional needs of preterm infants. In: Kleinman RE, ed. Pediatrics Nutrition Handbook. 5th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1998. 23-46.

34. Zeng L, Choonara I, Zhang L, Li Y, Shi J. Effectiveness of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) in neonates and infants with bleeding or risk of bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr. 2017 May. 176(5):581-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Loyal J, Taylor JA, Phillipi CA, et al. Refusal of vitamin K by parents of newborns: a survey of the Better Outcomes Through Research for Newborns Network. Acad Pediatr. 2017 May - Jun. 17(4):368-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

36. Schulte R, Jordan LC, Morad A, Naftel RP, Wellons JC 3rd, Sidonio R. Rise in late onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in young infants because of omission or refusal of prophylaxis at birth. Pediatr Neurol. 2014 Jun. 50(6):564-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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39. Greer FR, Marshall SP, Foley AL, Suttie JW. Improving the vitamin K status of breastfeeding infants with maternal vitamin K supplements. Pediatrics. 1997 Jan. 99(1):88-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Ceratto S, Savino F. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in an apparently healthy newborn infant: the compelling need for evidence-based recommendation. Ital J Pediatr. 2019 Mar 4. 45(1):30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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43. [Guideline] Ng E, Loewy AD. Guidelines for vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns. Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Sep. 23(6):394-402. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. McNinch A, Busfield A, Tripp J. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Great Britain and Ireland: British Paediatric Surveillance Unit Surveys, 1993-94 and 2001-02. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Sep. 92(9):759-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

45. Alatas FS, Hayashida M, Matsuura T, Saeki I, Yanagi Y, Taguchi T. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with vitamin K-deficiency bleeding in patients with biliary atresia: focus on long-term outcomes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Apr. 54(4):552-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Sankar MJ, Chandrasekaran A, Kumar P, Thukral A, Agarwal R, Paul VK. Vitamin K prophylaxis for prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding: a systematic review. J Perinatol. 2016 May. 36 suppl 1:S29-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

47. Miller H, Wheeler B, Kerruish N. Newborn vitamin K prophylaxis: an analysis of information resources for parents and professionals. N Z Med J. 2016 Dec 2. 129(1446):44-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Loyal J, Weiss TR, Cheng JH, Kair LR, Colson E. Refusal of vitamin K by parents of newborns: a qualitative study. Acad Pediatr. 2019 Apr 11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Kiselova M. [Current approaches to prevention of bleedings, associated with vitamin K deficiency in newborns and infants]. Georgian Med News. 2019 Feb. 45-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Dharmendra J Nimavat, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Staff Neonatologist, Clinical Director, NICU Regional Perinatal Center, HSHS St John's Children's Hospital

Dharmendra J Nimavat, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael P Sherman, MD, FAAP † Former Professor, Department of Child Health, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine; Neonatologist, Women’s and Children’s Hospital; Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine

Michael P Sherman, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, American Thoracic Society, European Society for Paediatric Research, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Perinatal Research Society, Society for Pediatric Research, Western Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David A Clark, MD Professor and Martha Lepow Chairman of Pediatrics, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albany Medical College; Director, Children's Hospital at Albany Medical Center

David A Clark, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Nutrition, American Forestry Association, American Pediatric Society, Capital District Pediatric Society, Christian Medical and Dental Associations, European Society for Paediatric Research, Eastern Society for Pediatric Research, Floyd W Denny Pediatric Alumni Society, Medical Society of the State of New York, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Santina A Zanelli, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Virginia Health System

Santina A Zanelli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Epilepsy Society, Society for Neuroscience, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Oussama Itani, MD, FAAP, FACN Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University; Medical Director, Department of Neonatology, Borgess Medical Center

Oussama Itani, MD, FAAP, FACN is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Physician Leadership, American Heart Association, American College of Nutrition

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors appreciate the review of this article and helpful suggestions for improvement from Professor Daniel Batton, the Director of the Neonatology Division at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine.

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