Further Inpatient Care

Note the following:

If the precipitating cause was profound anemia, red cell survival may remain reduced in patients with isoimmune hemolytic anemia, and red cell production may be impaired in the fetus or newborn who has received multiple red cell transfusions.
If the cause of hydrops fetalis was a treatable infection, assurance of total eradication of the offending agent is obviously necessary.
In situations in which multiple anomalies and/or chromosomal abnormalities are present, family counseling and consultation with a medical geneticist are recommended.
Follow-up measures targeted toward the specific pathophysiologic disturbances present in individual cases may be required (eg, any baby who has experienced a compromised perinatal period).
Despite the profound compromise in perfusion and fetal function of multiple organ systems in the fetus with hydrops, the limited follow-up data that are currently available provide an unexpectedly optimistic outlook for babies who survive fetal hydrops.

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Media Gallery

Chest radiograph revealing the presence of pleural effusion, severe edema, and bilateral chest tubes.
Chest and abdomen radiograph revealing the presence of severe edema and ascites.
Chest and abdomen radiograph revealing the presence of severe edema, pleural effusion, and bilateral chest tubes. An umbilical artery catheter, umbilical vein catheter, and endotracheal tube are in place.

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Author

Ashraf H Hamdan, MD, MBBCh, MSc, MRCP, FAAP Adjunct Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Neonatologist, Pediatrix Medical Group of Nashville

Ashraf H Hamdan, MD, MBBCh, MSc, MRCP, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Arun K Pramanik, MD, MBBS Professor of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Arun K Pramanik, MD, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Thoracic Society, National Perinatal Association, Southern Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dharmendra J Nimavat, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Staff Neonatologist, Clinical Director, NICU Regional Perinatal Center, HSHS St John's Children's Hospital

Dharmendra J Nimavat, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

David N Sheftel, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and SciencE

David N Sheftel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ted Rosenkrantz, MD Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine

Ted Rosenkrantz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, Eastern Society for Pediatric Research, American Medical Association, Connecticut State Medical Society, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

The authors and editors of Medscape Drugs & Diseases gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author, George Cassady, MD, to the development and writing of this article.

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