Reddy DK, Pandey S. Kernicterus. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Brooks JC, Fisher-Owens SA, Wu YW, Strauss DJ, Newman TB. Evidence suggests there was not a "resurgence" of kernicterus in the 1990s. Pediatrics. 2011 Apr. 127(4):672-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Moll M, Goelz R, Naegele T, Wilke M, Poets CF. Are recommended phototherapy thresholds safe enough for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants? A report on 2 ELBW infants with kernicterus despite only moderate hyperbilirubinemia. Neonatology. 2011. 99(2):90-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dogan M, Peker E, Kirimi E, Sal E, Akbayram S, Erel O, et al. Evaluation of oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011 Nov. 30(11):1751-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gkoltsiou K, Tzoufi M, Counsell S, Rutherford M, Cowan F. Serial brain MRI and ultrasound findings: relation to gestational age, bilirubin level, neonatal neurologic status and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants at risk of kernicterus. Early Hum Dev. 2008 Dec. 84(12):829-38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yueh MF, Chen S, Nguyen N, Tukey RH. Developmental, genetic, dietary, and xenobiotic influences on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Mol Pharmacol. 2017 May. 91 (5):545-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Johnson L, Bhutani VK, Karp K, Sivieri EM, Shapiro SM. Clinical report from the pilot USA Kernicterus Registry (1992 to 2004). J Perinatol. 2009 Feb. 29 Suppl 1:S25-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gamaleldin R, Iskander I, Seoud I, Aboraya H, Aravkin A, Sampson PD. Risk factors for neurotoxicity in newborns with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics. 2011 Oct. 128(4):e925-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ahlfors CE. Predicting bilirubin neurotoxicity in jaundiced newborns. Curr Opin Pediatr. 4/2010. 22(2):129-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Watchko JF, Jeffrey Maisels M. Enduring controversies in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 Jun. 15(3):136-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Johnson L, Brown AK. A pilot registry for acute and chronic kernicterus in term and near-term infants. Pediatrics. 1999 Sept. 104:(3):736.
Johnson LH, Bhutani VK, Brown AK. System-based approach to management of neonatal jaundice and prevention of kernicterus. J Pediatr. 2002 Apr. 140(4):396-403. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ebbesen F. Recurrence of kernicterus in term and near-term infants in Denmark. Acta Paediatr. 2000 Oct. 89(10):1213-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ebbesen F, Andersson C, Verder H, Grytter C, Pedersen-Bjergaard L, Petersen JR, et al. Extreme hyperbilirubinaemia in term and near-term infants in Denmark. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Jan. 94(1):59-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Donneborg ML, Hansen BM, Vandborg PK, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Ebbesen F. Extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus spectrum disorder in Denmark during the years 2000-2015. J Perinatol. 2020 Feb. 40 (2):194-202. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Surveillance of severe hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn commenced the May. BPSU Quarterly Bulletin. 2003. 11(2):2.
Sgro M, Campbell D, Shah V. Incidence and causes of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Canada. CMAJ. 2006 Sep 12. 175(6):587-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bhutani VK, Johnson L. Kernicterus in the 21st century: frequently asked questions. J Perinatol. 2009 Feb. 29 Suppl 1:S20-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Anderson NB, Calkins KL. Neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Neoreviews. 2020 Nov. 21 (11):e749-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
AAP. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul. 114(1):297-316. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sgro M, Campbell D, Shah V. Incidence and causes of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Canada. CMAJ. 2006 Sep 12. 175(6):587-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Peker E, Kirimi E, Tuncer O, Ceylan A. Severe hypernatremia in newborns due to salting. Eur J Pediatr. 2010 Jul. 169(7):829-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Abu-Osba YK, Jarad RA, Zainedeen KH, Khmour AY. Salting Newborns: Pickling Them or Killing Them? A practice that should be stopped. powerpoint file. Available at http://medical.abu-osba.com/PublishedPapers/20091514331.ppt. Accessed: March 31, 2012.
Rennie JM, Sehgal A, De A, Kendall GS, Cole TJ. Range of UK practice regarding thresholds for phototherapy and exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009 Sep. 94(5):F323-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McDonagh AF. Ex uno plures: the concealed complexity of bilirubin species in neonatal blood samples. Pediatrics. 2006 Sep. 118(3):1185-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ahlfors CE. Predicting bilirubin neurotoxicity in jaundiced newborns. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010 Apr. 22(2):129-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Daood MJ, McDonagh AF, Watchko JF. Calculated free bilirubin levels and neurotoxicity. J Perinatol. 2009 Feb. 29 Suppl 1:S14-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yu ZB, Dong XY, Han SP, Chen YL, Quiu YF, Sha L, et al. Transcutaneous bilirubine nomogram for predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and late-preterm Chinese infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2/2011. 170(2):185-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Screening of infants for hyperbilirubinemia to prevent chronic bilirubin encephalopathy: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Pediatrics. 2009 Oct. 124(4):1172-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bental YA, Shiff Y, Dorsht N, Litig E, Tuval L, Mimouni FB. Bhutani-based nomograms for the prediction of significant hyperbilirubinaemia using transcutaneous measurements of bilirubin. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Dec. 98(12):1902-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ribeiro BN, Lima GA, Ventura N, Gasparetto EL, Marchiori E. Chronic kernicterus: magnetic resonance imaging findings. Radiol Bras. 2016 Nov-Dec. 49 (6):407-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Assefa Neknek G, Woldemichael K, Moges A, Zewdneh Solomon D. MRI of bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus): a case series of 4 patients from Sub-Saharan Africa, May 2017. Radiol Case Rep. 2018 Jun. 13 (3):676-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Mehta S, Kumar P, Narang A. A randomized controlled trial of fluid supplementation in term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. J Pediatr. 2005. 147 (6):781 - 5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sanpavat S. Exchange transfusion and its morbidity in ten-year period at King Chulalongkorn Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005 May. 88(5):588-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Badiee Z. Exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: experience in Isfahan, Iran. Singapore Med J. 2007 May. 48(5):421-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kaplan M, Kaplan E, Hammerman C, et al. Post-phototherapy neonatal bilirubin rebound: a potential cause of significant hyperbilirubinaemia. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Jan. 91(1):31-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bisceglia M, Indrio F, Riezzo G, Poerio V, Corapi U, Raimondi F. The effect of prebiotics in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Oct. 98(10):1579-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gourley GR, Li Z, Kreamer BL, Kosorok MR. A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of prophylaxis against jaundice among breastfed newborns. Pediatrics. 2005 Aug. 116(2):385-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dennery PA. Metalloporphyrins for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005 Apr. 17(2):167-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Newman TB, Kuzniewicz MW, Liljestrand P, Wi S, McCulloch C, Escobar GJ. Numbers needed to treat with phototherapy according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Pediatrics. 2009 May. 123(5):1352-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Martins BM, de Carvalho M, Moreira ME, Lopes JM. Efficacy of new microprocessed phototherapy system with five high intensity light emitting diodes (Super LED). J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007 May-Jun. 83(3):253-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Romagnoli C, Zecca E, Papacci P, Vento G, Girlando P, Latella C. Which phototherapy system is most effective in lowering serum bilirubin in very preterm infants?. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2006. 21(2):204-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
van Kaam AH, van Beek RH, Vergunst-van Keulen JG, et al. Fibre optic versus conventional phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr. 1998 Feb. 157(2):132-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Keren R, Bhutani VK, Luan X, Nihtianova S, Cnaan A, Schwartz JS. Identifying newborns at risk of significant hyperbilirubinaemia: a comparison of two recommended approaches. Arch Dis Child. 2005 Apr. 90(4):415-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Keren R, Luan X, Friedman S, Saddlemire S, Cnaan A, Bhutani VK. A comparison of alternative risk-assessment strategies for predicting significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term and near-term infants. Pediatrics. 2008 Jan. 121(1):e170-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Csoma Z, Toth-Molnar E, Balogh K, et al. Neonatal blue light phototherapy and melanocytic nevi: a twin study. Pediatrics. 2011 Oct. 128(4):e856-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Raghavan K, Thomas E, Patole S, Muller R. Is phototherapy a risk factor for ileus in high-risk neonates?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005 Aug. 18(2):129-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chen J, Sadakata M, Ishida M, Sekizuka N, Sayama M. Baby massage ameliorates neonatal jaundice in full-term newborn infants. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011. 223(2):97-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lazarus C, Avchen RN. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management: a model for change. J Perinatol. 2009 Feb. 29 Suppl 1:S58-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bhutani VK, Johnson L. A proposal to prevent severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. J Perinatol. 2009 Feb. 29 Suppl 1:S61-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ahlfors CE, Wennberg RP. Bilirubin-albumin binding and neonatal jaundice. Semin Perinatol. 2004 Oct. 28(5):334-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
AlOtaibi SF, Blaser S, MacGregor DL. Neurological complications of kernicterus. Can J Neurol Sci. 2005 Aug. 32(3):311-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bader D, Yanir Y, Kugelman A, et al. Induction of early meconium evacuation: is it effective in reducing the level of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?. Am J Perinatol. 2005 Aug. 22(6):329-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Barefield ES, Dwyer MD, Cassady G. Association of patent ductus arteriosus and phototherapy in infants weighting less than 1000 grams. J Perinatol. 1993 Sep-Oct. 13(5):376-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bhutani VK, Donn SM, Johnson LH. Risk management of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia to prevent kernicterus. Clin Perinatol. 2005. 32 (1):125 - 39, vii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bhutani VK, Johnson L, Sivieri EM. Predictive ability of a predischarge hour-specific serum bilirubin for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and near-term newborns. Pediatrics. 1999 Jan. 103(1):6-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Jeffrey Maisels M, et al. Kernicterus: epidemiological strategies for its prevention through systems-based approaches. J Perinatol. 2004 Oct. 24(10):650-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cashore WJ. Bilirubin and jaundice in the micropremie. Clin Perinatol. 2000 Mar. 27(1):171-9, vii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Drummond GS, Kappas A. Chemoprevention of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Semin Perinatol. 2004 Oct. 28(5):365-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gartner LM. Neonatal jaundice. Pediatr Rev. 1994 Nov. 15(11):422-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Juretschke LJ. Kernicterus: still a concern. Neonatal Netw. 2005 Mar-Apr. 24(2):7-19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kaplan M, Hammerman C. Understanding severe hyperbilirubinemia and preventing kernicterus: adjuncts in the interpretation of neonatal serum bilirubin. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Jun. 356(1-2):9-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kumral A, Genc S, Genc K, et al. Hyperbilirubinemic serum is cytotoxic and induces apoptosis in murine astrocytes. Biol Neonate. 2005. 87(2):99-104. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
MacMahon JR, Stevenson DK, Oski FA. Physiologic jaundice. Taeusch, Ballards, eds. Avery's Disease of the Newborn. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1998. 1003-7.
Maisels MJ. Jaundice. Avery, Fletcher, eds. Neonatology, Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 1999. 765-819.
Petersen JR, Okorodudu AO, Mohammad AA, et al. Association of transcutaneous bilirubin testing in hospital with decreased readmission rate for hyperbilirubinemia. Clin Chem. 2005. 51 (3):481 - 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Pezzati M, Biagiotti R, Vangi V, et al. Changes in mesenteric blood flow response to feeding: conventional versus fiber-optic phototherapy. Pediatrics. 2000 Feb. 105(2):350-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Rubegni P, Cevenini G, Sbano P, et al. Cutaneous colorimetric evaluation of serum concentrations of bilirubin in healthy term neonates: a new methodological approach. Skin Res Technol. 2005 Feb. 11(1):70-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sanpavat S, Nuchprayoon I. Noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin as a screening test to identify the need for serum bilirubin assessment. J Med Assoc Thai. 2004 Oct. 87(10):1193-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shapiro SM. Definition of the clinical spectrum of kernicterus and bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND). J Perinatol. 2005 Jan. 25(1):54-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Taketomo CK, Hodding JH, Draus DM. Pediatric Dosage Handbook. 10th ed. Cleveland, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc; 2003.
Volpe JJ. Bilirubin and Brain Injury: Neurology of the Newborn. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1995. 490-514.
Watchko JF. Vigintiphobia revisited. Pediatrics. 2005 Jun. 115(6):1747-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Willems WA, van den Berg LM, de Wit H, Molendijk A. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry with the Bilicheck in very premature newborns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004 Oct. 16(4):209-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Olusanya BO, Imam ZO, Emokpae AA, Iskander IF. Revisiting the criteria for exchange transfusion for severe neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in resource-limited settings. Neonatology. 2016. 109 (2):97-104. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Renesme L, Bedu A, Tourneux P, Truffert P. [How to assess clinical practice guidelines with AGREE II: The example of neonatal jaundice] [French]. Arch Pediatr. 2016 Mar. 23 (3):241-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chang PW, Newman TB, Maisels MJ. Update on predicting severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin neurotoxicity risks in neonates. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2017. 13 (3):181-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].