Eggink BH, Richardson CJ, Malloy MH, Angel CA. Outcome of gastroschisis: a 20-year case review of infants with gastroschisis born in Galveston, Texas. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Jun. 41(6):1103-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Data & statistics on birth defects. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/data.html. Reviewed: November 1, 2018; Accessed: November 2, 2019.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Badder exstrophy. Available at http://chop.edu/conditions-diseases/bladder-exstrophy. Accessed: November 2, 2019.
WebMD Medical Reference. What is ectopia cordis?. WebMD.com. Available at https://www.webmd.com/baby/ectopia-cordis-overview. Reviewed: February 19, 2019; Accessed: November 2, 2019.
Keppler-Noreuil KM, Conway KM, Shen D, Rhoads AJ, Carey JC, Romitti PA, et al. Clinical and risk factor analysis of cloacal defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Med Genet A. 2017 Nov. 173 (11):2873-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Midrio P, Stefanutti G, Mussap M, D'Antona D, Zolpi E, Gamba P. Amnioexchange for fetuses with gastroschisis: is it effective?. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 May. 42(5):777-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sadler TW. Langman, ed. Medical Embryology. 11th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2010.
Ward PJ. Medical embryology: difficult concepts of early development. YouTube.com March 22, 2012. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rN3lep6roRI. Accessed: November 4, 2019.
Sadler TW. The embryologic origin of ventral body wall defects. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2010 Aug. 19(3):209-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Stallings EB, Isenburg JL, Short TD, et al. Population-based birth defects data in the United States, 2012-2016: A focus on abdominal wall defects. Birth Defects Res. 2019 Oct 23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Suita S, Nagasaki A. Urachal remnants. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 5(2):107-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Moore TC. Omphalomesenteric duct malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 5(2):116-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Duffy PG. Bladder exstrophy. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 5(2):129-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Allman R, Sousa J, Walker MW, Laughon MM, Spitzer AR, Clark RH. The epidemiology, prevalence and hospital outcomes of infants with gastroschisis. J Perinatol. 2016 Oct. 36 (10):901-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Suita S, Okamatsu T, Yamamoto T, et al. Changing profile of abdominal wall defects in Japan: results of a national survey. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Jan. 35 (1):66-71; discussion 72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tan KH, Kilby MD, Whittle MJ, et al. Congenital anterior abdominal wall defects in England and Wales 1987- 93: retrospective analysis of OPCS data. BMJ. 1996 Oct 12. 313(7062):903-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Srivastava V, Mandhan P, Pringle K, Morreau P, Beasley S, Samarakkody U. Rising incidence of gastroschisis and exomphalos in New Zealand. J Pediatr Surg. March 2009. 44(3):551-555. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bradnock TJ, Marven S, Owen A, et al. Gastroschisis: one year outcomes from national cohort study. BMJ. 2011 Nov 15. 343:d6749. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kong JY, Yeo KT, Abdel-Latif ME, et al, for the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Intensive Care Units' Data Collection. Outcomes of infants with abdominal wall defects over 18years. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Oct. 51 (10):1644-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Puligandla PS, Janvier A, Flageole H, et al. Routine cesarean delivery does not improve the outcome of infants with gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 May. 39(5):742-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Saxena AK, Raicevic M. Predictors of mortality in neonates with giant omphaloceles. Minerva Pediatr. 2018 Jun. 70 (3):289-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Swartz KR, Harrison MW, Campbell JR, Campbell TJ. Selective management of gastroschisis. Ann Surg. 1986 Feb. 203 (2):214-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Logghe HL, Mason GC, Thornton JG, Stringer MD. A randomized controlled trial of elective preterm delivery of fetuses with gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Nov. 40(11):1726-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McGuigan RM, Azarow KS. Is splanchnic perfusion pressure more predictive of outcome than intragastric pressure in neonates with gastroschisis?. Am J Surg. 2004 May. 187(5):609-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Olguner M, Hakguder G, Ates O, Caglar M, Ozer E, Akgur FM. Urinary trypsin inhibitor present in fetal urine prevents intraamniotic meconium-induced intestinal damage in gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Aug. 41 (8):1407-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dinatti LA, Meagher DP Jr, Martinez-Frontanilla LA. "Bucket handle" avulsion of intestine in gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 28(6):840. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wada M, Kato T, Hayashi Y, et al. Intestinal transplantation for short bowel syndrome secondary to gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Nov. 41(11):1841-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Moon SB, Jung SE, Park KW. Ruptured fetal omphalocele complicated by midgut volvulus with strangulation. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jan. 44 (1):303-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Corey KM, Hornik CP, Laughon MM, et al. Frequency of anomalies and hospital outcomes in infants with gastroschisis and omphalocele. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Aug. 90(8):421-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. Ultrasound scanning during pregnancy. EBM Guidelines. Evidence-Based Medicine [Internet]. Helsinki, Finland: Wiley Interscience; 2008 Feb 15.
Kylat RI. Complete and incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell. Children (Basel). 2019 Oct 6. 6 (10):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Pacilli M, Spitz L, Kiely EM, et al. Staged repair of giant omphalocele in the neonatal period. J Pediatr Surg. 2005 May. 40(5):785-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Langer JC. Gastroschisis and omphalocele. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 5(2):124-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cooney D. Defects of the abdominal wall. Pediatr Surg. 1998. 2:1045-70.
Ledbetter DJ. Gastroschisis and omphalocele. Surg Clin North Am. 2006 Apr. 86(2):249-60, vii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Salihu HM, Boos R, Schmidt W. Omphalocele and gastrochisis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002 Sep. 22(5):489-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wakhlu A, Wakhlu AK. The management of exomphalos. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Jan. 35(1):73-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dykes EH. Prenatal diagnosis and management of abdominal wall defects. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 5(2):90-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gabriel A, Gollin G. Management of complicated gastroschisis with porcine small intestinal submucosa and negative pressure wound therapy. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Nov. 41 (11):1836-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
de Lorimier AA, Adzick NS, Harrison MR. Amnion inversion in the treatment of giant omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg. 1991 Jul. 26(7):804-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
De Ugarte DA, Asch MJ, Hedrick MH, Atkinson JB. The use of tissue expanders in the closure of a giant omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Apr. 39(4):613-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kilbride KE, Cooney DR, Custer MD. Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for treating patients with giant omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Jan. 41(1):212-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fawley JA, Abdelhafeez AH, Schultz JA, et al. The risk of midgut volvulus in patients with abdominal wall defects: a multi-institutional study. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Jan. 52 (1):26-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Pare A. The workes of that famous chirurgeon [French]. [Translated by Johnson T.]. London, England: Th Cotes and R Young; 1634.
Schuster SR. A new method for the staged repair of large omphaloceles. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1967 Oct. 125 (4):837-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Morrow S, Jennings R. Management of Complex Gastroschisis. American College of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Digest. 10/16/2016 and 18/2016;
Bawazir OA, Wong A, Sigalet DL. Absorbable mesh and skin flaps or grafts in the management of ruptured giant omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg. 2003 May. 38(5):725-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vossoughi F, Reddy PP, Camps J. Acellular dermal tissue matrix in neonates. J S C Med Assoc. 2008 Apr. 104(4):96-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Levy S, Tsao K, Cox CS Jr, Phatak UR, Lally KP, Andrassy RJ. Component separation for complex congenital abdominal wall defects: not just for adults anymore. J Pediatr Surg. 2013 Dec. 48(12):2525-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Allen RG, Wrenn EL Jr. Silon as a sac in the treatment of omphalocele and gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 1969 Feb. 4 (1):3-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Boutros J, Regier M, Skarsgard ED. Is timing everything? The influence of gestational age, birth weight, route, and intent of delivery on outcome in gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. May 2009. 44(5):912-917. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Payne N R, Pfleghaar K, Assel B , Johnson A , Rich R H. Predicting the outcome of newborns with gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. May 2009. 44(5):918-923. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Houben C, Davenport M, Ade-Ajayi N, Flack N, Patel S. Closing gastroschisis: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. J Pediatr Surg. February 2009. 44(2):343-347. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fok TF, Ng PC, Wong W, et al. High frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants with increased intra- abdominal pressure. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997 Mar. 76(2):F123-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Marven S, Owen A. Contemporary postnatal surgical management strategies for congenital abdominal wall defects. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2008 Nov. 17(4):222-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ryckman J, Aspirot A, Laberge JM, Shaw K. Intestinal venous congestion as a complication of elective silo placement for gastroschisis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009 May. 18(2):109-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kim HB, Fauza D, Garza J, Oh JT, Nurko S, Jaksic T. Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP): a novel bowel lengthening procedure. J Pediatr Surg. 2003 Mar. 38(3):425-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Phillips TM. Spectrum of cloacal exstrophy. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2011 May. 20(2):113-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vermeij-Keers C, Hartwig NG, van der Werff JF. Embryonic development of the ventral body wall and its congenital malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 5(2):82-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Emil S, Canvasser N, Chen T, Friedrich E, Su W. Contemporary 2-year outcomes of complex gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg. 2012 Aug. 47(8):1521-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Keys C, Drewett M, Burge DM. Gastroschisis: the cost of an epidemic. J Pediatr Surg. 2008 Apr. 43(4):654-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McClellan EB, Shew SB, Lee SS, Dunn JC, Deugarte DA. Liver herniation in gastroschisis: incidence and prognosis. J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Nov. 46(11):2115-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Venick RS, Calkins K. The impact of intravenous fish oil emulsions on pediatric intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2011 Jun. 16(3):306-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zmora O, Castle SL, Papillon S, Stein JE. The biological prosthesis is a viable option for abdominal wall reconstruction in pediatric high risk defects. Am J Surg. 2017 Jan 6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Frybova B, Kokesova A, Zemkova D, Mixa V, Vlk R, Rygl M. Quality of life in patients with gastroschisis is comparable with the general population: A questionnaire survey. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2016 Dec 13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zajac A, Bogusz B, Soltysiak P, et al. Cosmetic outcomes of sutureless closure in gastroschisis. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Dec. 26 (6):537-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fujiogi M, Michihata N, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H, Fujishiro J. Clinical features and practice patterns of gastroschisis: a retrospective analysis using a Japanese national inpatient database. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018 Jul. 34 (7):727-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Briganti V, Luvero D, Gulia C, et al. A novel approach in the treatment of neonatal gastroschisis: a review of the literature and a single-center experience. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May. 31 (9):1234-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Media Gallery

Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). An intact omphalocele in an infant is shown.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This photograph depicts an umbilical cord hernia in an infant.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This intraoperative photograph reveals and infant with gastroschisis.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This intraoperative image reveals a ruptured omphalocele in an infant.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Gastroschisis and associated intestinal atresia is shown in an infant.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This intraoperative image reveals gastroschisis and colon atresia in an infant. The bulbous proximal end of the atretic colon is excised, and a colostomy is created at the abdominal wall defect. An anastomosis of the proximal, dilated colon to the distal microcolon (in view of its small caliber) would not function properly. The colostomy can be closed 4-6 weeks later.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Note the enlarged tongue in this infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This infant has pentalogy of Cantrell: an epigastric omphalocele, cleft sternum, anterior (retrosternal) diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni, absent pericardium, and cardiac defects (ectopia cordis, ventricular septal defects).
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This image demonstrates silo closure in an infant with gastroschisis.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Silon sheets are pulled over the omphalocele sac, elevating the rectus muscles, and, because of their attachment to the costal arch, expanding the thoracic cavity. The Silon sheets are removed and replaced by a permanent Gore-Tex patch that is covered by skin flaps.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This infant has a giant omphalocele that was treated with topical agents for several weeks. The omphalocele sac will absorb, leaving granulation tissue that gradually epithelializes.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). The omphalocele sac was adherent to the protuberant liver in an infant. It was covered with Gore-Tex so that gradual reduction could be effected.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). The Gore-Tex sheet is imbricated, gradually reducing the liver into the abdominal cavity: The rectus muscles are pulled over the liver. The skin and subcutaneous tissues become adherent to the Gortex; the next step is to freshen the wound margins (excise the skin edge and the exposed Gortex) and suture the composite layers together.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Final skin closure of the giant omphalocele was delayed because the baby developed respiratory distress. Unfortunately, the patch became infected and was removed. Later, bipedicled flank flaps were used to close the giant omphalocele, but reduction was lost.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Split-thickness skin grafts were applied to the flank wounds resulting from mobilization of the bipedicle flaps.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This infant has prune-belly syndrome.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Note the laxity of the abdominal wall in this infant with prune-belly syndrome.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This photograph shows cloacal exstrophy in an infant.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Note the bifid genitalia in this infant with cloacal exstrophy.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). In the repair of cloacal exstrophy, the cecal plate in the middle of the bifid bladder is excised and used to create an ostomy, and the bladder halves are approximated.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Closure of the bladder exstrophy is shown.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Bladder exstrophy and epispadias is shown in an infant. Note the appearance of the bladder mucosa, indicating chronic inflammation.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This is another view demonstrating the epispadias shown in the previous image.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This image reveals isolated epispadias in an infant.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). An intraoperative finding is a patent omphalomesenteric duct, which is being excised.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Closure of a giant omphalocele with an Alloderm patch is shown.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This image was obtained 2 months after implantation, revealing epithelialization of the Alloderm patch.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Eight months after implantation, epithelialization is nearly complete, but a huge ventral hernia has developed.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This image shows a giant omphalocele in an infant, in which the liver assumes an ectopic position in the epigastrium.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). In this infant, gastroschisis has been complicated by jejunal atresia and loss of the entire distal small bowel (the grey tissue).
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Following lysis of adhesions and tubularization of the viable, mesenteric portion of the proximal jejunum, the eviscerated viscera are reduced and the gastroschisis abdominal wall defect is closed.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). The radiograph shows the intestine following multiple serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedures.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This infant has gastroschisis and colon atresia, with the proximal end open. An ostomy is brought out of the silo.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Inflammatory distortion of the extruded intestine is shown. There appears to be an associated atresia (the dilated intestine), but the dilatation resolved in concert with resolution of the inflammation.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). A silo is fashioned from Silon sheets, in case reduction of the extruded intestine cannot be achieved without unduly elevating the intra-abdominal pressure.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). The sac is removed, and the abdominal wall defect is closed around the in utero colostomy.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This infant had a small omphalocele sac whose contents were liver and gall bladder.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). The omphalocele sac contains liver and gall bladder.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). A completed repair is shown, simulating an umbilicus.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This child, approximately age 30 months in the photo, had a successful repair. Her clinical course is described above.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This image shows the appearance of the dilated bowel prior to performing the serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedure.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This is the intestine as it appeared after the serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedure.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This is the intestine as it appeared after the serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedure.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This image shows an omphalomesenteric duct remnant presenting as an "umbilical granuloma."
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Rather than pushing the extruded viscera into the diminutive abdominal cavity, traction is applied to the abdominal wall and skin flaps. This stimulates growth and facilitates reduction of the extruded visceral and ultimate closure of the abdominal wall defect. Courtesy of Russell Jennings, MD, Boston Children's Hospital.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). This photograph depicts progress in reducing the extruded viscera utilizing Dr Jennings's innovative technique. Image courtesy of Russell Jennings, MD, Boston Children's Hospital.
Pediatric omphalocele and gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects). Reduction of the extruded viscera is gradually achieved. Courtesy of Russell Jennings, MD, Boston Children's Hospital.

of 47

Author

James Goodwin Glasser, MD, MA, FACS Pediatric Surgeon, Locum Tenens Pediatric Surgeon, Grand Strand Medical Center

James Goodwin Glasser, MD, MA, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Surgeons, American Pediatric Surgical Association, Christian Medical and Dental Associations

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brian S Carter, MD, FAAP Professor of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics; Faculty, Children's Mercy Bioethics Center

Brian S Carter, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Society for Pediatric Research, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dharmendra J Nimavat, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Staff Neonatologist, Clinical Director, NICU Regional Perinatal Center, HSHS St John's Children's Hospital

Dharmendra J Nimavat, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

David N Sheftel, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and SciencE

David N Sheftel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ted Rosenkrantz, MD Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine

Ted Rosenkrantz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, Eastern Society for Pediatric Research, American Medical Association, Connecticut State Medical Society, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Sections Pediatric Omphalocele and Gastroschisis (Abdominal Wall Defects)
Overview
Presentation
DDx
Workup
Treatment
Questions & Answers
Media Gallery
Tables
References

Country	Time Period / Incidence	Time Period / Incidence
Japan	1975-1980	1996-1997
Gastroschisis	1/77,000	1/20,000
Omphalocele	1/30,000	1/27,000

England and Wales	1987	1991
Gastroschisis	1/10,000	2/10,000
Omphalocele	1/10,000	1/12,500

Galveston, Texas	1983	2002
Gastroschisis	1/4000	1/900

England and Wales	1995	2005
Gastroschisis	1/7500	1/2500

Pediatric Omphalocele and Gastroschisis (Abdominal Wall Defects) Questions & Answers

References

Tables

Contributor Information and Disclosures

What would you like to print?