Shaye D, Liu CC, Tollefson TT. Cleft Lip and Palate: An Evidence-Based Review. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2015 Aug. 23 (3):357-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mai CT, Isenburg JL, Canfield MA, Meyer RE, Correa A, Alverson CJ, et al. National population-based estimates for major birth defects, 2010-2014. Birth Defects Res. 2019 Nov 1. 111 (18):1420-1435. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Waitzman NJ, Romano PS, Scheffler RM. Estimates of the economic costs of birth defects. Inquiry. 1994 Summer. 31 (2):188-205. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tsuchiya S, Tsuchiya M, Momma H, Koseki T, Igarashi K, Nagatomi R, et al. Association of cleft lip and palate on mother-to-infant bonding: a cross-sectional study in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). BMC Pediatr. 2019 Dec 20. 19 (1):505. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Ardouin K, Hare J, Stock NM. Emotional Well-Being in Adults Born With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Whole of Life Survey in the United Kingdom. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2020 Jul. 57 (7):877-885. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fogh-Andersen P. Inheritance of Harelip and Cleft Palate. Copenhagen: Busck; 1942.
Cohen MM. Etiology and pathogenesis of orofacial clefting. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am. 2000. 12:379-97.
Tolarová MM, Cervenka J. Classification and birth prevalence of orofacial clefts. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Jan 13. 75 (2):126-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tessier P. Anatomical classification facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts. J Maxillofac Surg. 1976 Jun. 4 (2):69-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tolarova MM. Genetics, gene carriers, and environment. Bader JD, ed. Risk Assessment in Dentistry. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Dental Ecology; 1990. 116-48.
Mehrotra D. Genomic expression in non syndromic cleft lip and palate patients: A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2015 May-Aug. 5 (2):86-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ardinger HH, Buetow KH, Bell GI, Bardach J, VanDemark DR, Murray JC. Association of genetic variation of the transforming growth factor-alpha gene with cleft lip and palate. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Sep. 45 (3):348-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Lidral AC, Murray JC, Buetow KH, Basart AM, Schearer H, Shiang R, et al. Studies of the candidate genes TGFB2, MSX1, TGFA, and TGFB3 in the etiology of cleft lip and palate in the Philippines. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997 Jan. 34 (1):1-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lidral AC, Romitti PA, Basart AM, Doetschman T, Leysens NJ, Daack-Hirsch S, et al. Association of MSX1 and TGFB3 with nonsyndromic clefting in humans. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Aug. 63 (2):557-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kaartinen V, Voncken JW, Shuler C, Warburton D, Bu D, Heisterkamp N, et al. Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF-beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Nat Genet. 1995 Dec. 11 (4):415-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Maestri NE, Beaty TH, Hetmanski J, Smith EA, McIntosh I, Wyszynski DF, et al. Application of transmission disequilibrium tests to nonsyndromic oral clefts: including candidate genes and environmental exposures in the models. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Dec 19. 73 (3):337-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Beaty TH, Hetmanski JB, Zeiger JS, Fan YT, Liang KY, VanderKolk CA, et al. Testing candidate genes for non-syndromic oral clefts using a case-parent trio design. Genet Epidemiol. 2002 Jan. 22 (1):1-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
van den Boogaard MJ, Dorland M, Beemer FA, van Amstel HK. MSX1 mutation is associated with orofacial clefting and tooth agenesis in humans. Nat Genet. 2000 Apr. 24 (4):342-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Satokata I, Maas R. Msx1 deficient mice exhibit cleft palate and abnormalities of craniofacial and tooth development. Nat Genet. 1994 Apr. 6 (4):348-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zucchero TM, Cooper ME, Maher BS, Daack-Hirsch S, Nepomuceno B, Ribeiro L, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene variants and the risk of isolated cleft lip or palate. N Engl J Med. 2004 Aug 19. 351 (8):769-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Marazita ML, Murray JC, Lidral AC, Arcos-Burgos M, Cooper ME, Goldstein T, et al. Meta-analysis of 13 genome scans reveals multiple cleft lip/palate genes with novel loci on 9q21 and 2q32-35. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Aug. 75 (2):161-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jugessur A, Lie RT, Wilcox AJ, Murray JC, Taylor JA, Saugstad OD, et al. Variants of developmental genes (TGFA, TGFB3, and MSX1) and their associations with orofacial clefts: a case-parent triad analysis. Genet Epidemiol. 2003 Apr. 24 (3):230-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shaw GM, Wasserman CR, Lammer EJ, O'Malley CD, Murray JC, Basart AM, et al. Orofacial clefts, parental cigarette smoking, and transforming growth factor-alpha gene variants. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Mar. 58 (3):551-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Tolarova M, Harris J. Reduced recurrence of orofacial clefts after periconceptional supplementation with high-dose folic acid and multivitamins. Teratology. 1995 Feb. 51 (2):71-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lidral AC, Moreno LM. Progress toward discerning the genetics of cleft lip. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005 Dec. 17 (6):731-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vieira AR, Avila JR, Daack-Hirsch S, Dragan E, Félix TM, Rahimov F, et al. Medical sequencing of candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. PLoS Genet. 2005 Dec. 1 (6):e64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Krapels IP, Vermeij-Keers C, Müller M, de Klein A, Steegers-Theunissen RP. Nutrition and genes in the development of orofacial clefting. Nutr Rev. 2006 Jun. 64 (6):280-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sun D, Vanderburg CR, Odierna GS, Hay ED. TGFbeta3 promotes transformation of chicken palate medial edge epithelium to mesenchyme in vitro. Development. 1998 Jan. 125 (1):95-105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Tanabe A, Taketani S, Endo-Ichikawa Y, Tokunaga R, Ogawa Y, Hiramoto M. Analysis of the candidate genes responsible for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in Japanese people. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000 Aug. 99 (2):105-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vieira AR, Romitti PA, Orioli IM, Castilla EE. Complex segregation analysis of 1,792 cleft lip and palate families in South America: 1967-1997. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2003 Apr-Jun. 17 (2):161-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kim MH, Kim HJ, Choi JY, Nahm DS. Transforming growth factor-beta3 gene SfaN1 polymorphism in Korean nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate patients. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Nov 30. 36 (6):533-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Sato F, Natsume N, Machido J, Suzuki S, Kawai T. Association between transforming growth factor beta 3 and cleft lip and/or palate in the Japanese population. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Jun. 107 (7):1909-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ichikawa E, Watanabe A, Nakano Y, Akita S, Hirano A, Kinoshita A, et al. PAX9 and TGFB3 are linked to susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Japanese: population-based and family-based candidate gene analyses. J Hum Genet. 2006. 51 (1):38-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bu L, Chen Q, Wang H, Zhang T, Hetmanski JB, Schwender H, et al. Novel evidence of association with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate was shown for single nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXF2 gene in an Asian population. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2015 Oct. 103 (10):857-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Marazita ML. Subclinical features in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P): review of the evidence that subepithelial orbicularis oris muscle defects are part of an expanded phenotype for CL/P. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2007 May. 10 (2):82-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rogers CR, Weinberg SM, Smith TD, Deleyiannis FW, Mooney MP, Marazita ML. Anatomical basis for apparent subepithelial cleft lip: a histological and ultrasonographic survey of the orbicularis oris muscle. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2008 Sep. 45 (5):518-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Suzuki S, Marazita ML, Cooper ME, Miwa N, Hing A, Jugessur A, et al. Mutations in BMP4 are associated with subepithelial, microform, and overt cleft lip. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Mar. 84 (3):406-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Croen LA, Shaw GM, Wasserman CR, Tolarová MM. Racial and ethnic variations in the prevalence of orofacial clefts in California, 1983-1992. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Aug 27. 79 (1):42-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vu GH, Warden C, Zimmerman CE, Kalmar CL, Humphries LS, McDonald-McGinn DM, et al. Poverty and Risk of Cleft Lip and Palate: An Analysis of United States Birth Data. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Jan 1. 149 (1):169-182. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Tolarova M. Significance of cleft microforms. Karfik V, ed. Burian's Laboratory of Congenital Anomalies. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; 1971. 45-54.
Castilla EE, Martínez-Frías ML. Congenital healed cleft lip. Am J Med Genet. 1995 Aug 28. 58 (2):106-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tolarová M. Microforms of cleft lip and-or cleft palate. Acta Chir Plast. 1969. 11 (2):96-107. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Marazita ML. Subclinical features in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P): review of the evidence that subepithelial orbicularis oris muscle defects are part of an expanded phenotype for CL/P. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2007 May. 10 (2):82-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Suzuki S, Marazita ML, Cooper ME, Miwa N, Hing A, Jugessur A, et al. Mutations in BMP4 are associated with subepithelial, microform, and overt cleft lip. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Mar. 84 (3):406-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Neiswanger K, Weinberg SM, Rogers CR, Brandon CA, Cooper ME, Bardi KM, et al. Orbicularis oris muscle defects as an expanded phenotypic feature in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Jun 1. 143A (11):1143-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kim DW, Chung SW, Jung HD, Jung YS. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate; pitfalls and considerations. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Dec. 37 (1):24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Holzmer S, Davila A, Martin MC. Cost Utility Analysis of Staged Versus Single-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair. Ann Plast Surg. 2020 May. 84 (5S Suppl 4):S300-S306. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McDonald S, Langton Hewer CD, Nunez DA. Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8. CD004741. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vig KW, Mercado AM. Overview of orthodontic care for children with cleft lip and palate, 1915-2015. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015 Oct. 148 (4):543-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kondra K, Stanton E, Jimenez C, Ngo K, Wlodarczyk J, Jacob L, et al. Rethinking the Rule of 10s: Early Cleft Lip Repair Improves Weight Gain. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2021 Dec 6. 10556656211062042. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Felton M, Lee JW, Balumuka DD, Arneja JS, Chadha NK. Early Placement of Ventilation Tubes in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Mar. 158 (3):459-464. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kloukos D, Fudalej P, Sequeira-Byron P, Katsaros C. Maxillary distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 30. 9:CD010403. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Susami T, Mori Y, Ohkubo K, Takahashi M, Hirano Y, Saijo H, et al. Changes in maxillofacial morphology and velopharyngeal function with two-stage maxillary distraction-mandibular setback surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018 Mar. 47 (3):357-365. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Batra P, Gribel BF, Abhinav BA, Arora A, Raghavan S. OrthoAligner "NAM": A Case Series of Presurgical Infant Orthopedics (PSIO) Using Clear Aligners. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2020 May. 57 (5):646-655. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Esenlik E, Gibson T, Kassam S, Sato Y, Garfinkle J, Figueroa AA, et al. NAM Therapy-Evidence-Based Results. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2020 Apr. 57 (4):529-531. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Al Omran Y, Abdall-Razak A, Ghassemi N, Alomran S, Yang D, Ghanem AM. Robotics in Cleft Surgery: Origins, Current Status and Future Directions. Robot Surg. 2019. 6:41-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Papathanasiou E, Trotman CA, Scott AR, Van Dyke TE. Current and Emerging Treatments for Postsurgical Cleft Lip Scarring: Effectiveness and Mechanisms. J Dent Res. 2017 Nov. 96 (12):1370-1377. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sand A, Hagberg E, Lohmander A. On the Benefits of Speech-Language Therapy for Individuals Born With Cleft Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022 Feb 9. 65 (2):555-573. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Hale F. Pigs born without eyeballs. J Hered. 1933. 24:105-106.
Warkany J, Nelson RS. Appearance of skeletal abonormalities in the offspring of rats reared on a deficient diet. Science. 1940. 92:383-4.
Warkany J, Schraffenberger E. Congenital malformations induced in rats by maternal nutritional deficiency. V. Effects of a purified diet lacking riboflavin. Proc Soc Biol Led. 1943. 54:92-4.
Hibbard ED, Smithells RW. Folic acid metabolism and human embryopathy (Preliminary communication). Lancet. 1965. 1:1254.
Smithells RW, Sheppard S, Schorah CJ, Seller MJ, Nevin NC, Harris R, et al. Apparent prevention of neural tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. Arch Dis Child. 1981 Dec. 56 (12):911-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Laurence KM, James N, Miller M, Campbell H. Increased risk of recurrence of pregnancies complicated by fetal neural tube defects in mothers receiving poor diets, and possible benefit of dietary counselling. Br Med J. 1980 Dec 13. 281 (6255):1592-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Warkany J. Prevention of congenital malformations. Teratology. 1981 Apr. 23 (2):175-89. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Lancet. 1991 Jul 20. 338 (8760):131-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wald N. Folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Mar 15. 678:112-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
DOUGLAS B. The role of environmental factors in the etiology of so-called congenital malformations. II. Approaches in humans; study of various extragenital factors; theory of compensatory nutrients, development of regime for first trimester. Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1958 Sep. 22 (3):214-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
CONWAY H. Effect of supplemental vitamin therapy on the limitation of incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate in humans. Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1958 Nov. 22 (5):450-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
PEER LA, STREAN LP, WALKER JC Jr, BERNHARD WG, PECK GC. Study of 400 pregnancies with birth of cleft lip-palate infants; protective effect of folic acid and vitamin B6 therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1958 Nov. 22 (5):442-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Burian F. A research on prevention of inborn malformations. Acta Univ Carol Med Suppl (Prague). 1964. 19:43-46.
Tolarova M. Periconceptional supplementation with vitamins and folic acid to prevent recurrence of cleft lip. Lancet. 1982 Jul 24. 2 (8291):217. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shaw GM, Lammer EJ, Wasserman CR, O'Malley CD, Tolarova MM. Risks of orofacial clefts in children born to women using multivitamins containing folic acid periconceptionally. Lancet. 1995 Aug 12. 346 (8972):393-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hayes C, Werler MM, Willett WC, Mitchell AA. Case-control study of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and oral clefts. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jun 15. 143 (12):1229-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Czeizel AE, Tóth M, Rockenbauer M. Population-based case control study of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Teratology. 1996 Jun. 53 (6):345-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Czeizel A. Periconceptional multivitamin supplementation and nonneural midline defects. Am J Med Genet. 1993 Jun 15. 46 (5):611. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].